Cultural Variations

• Cultural Variations-

  Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) –

  • Looked into all 32 steadies of the ‘strange situation’ and separated them by their countries.
  • Found variations between results of the studies in the same country were 150% greater than between countries. 
• Cultural Variations-

  Alessandra Simonelli et al (2014)-

  • 1 year old, 76 Italian babies, used the strange situation.
  • 50% secure, 36% insecure.
  • Lower secure rate due to more mothers doing longer hours using childcare.
  • Attachment patterns aren’t static and vary in line with cultural changes.
• Cultural Variations-

  Mi Kyoung Jin et al (2012)-

  • 87 Korean babies, using strange situation.
  • Similar to japans study (Kroonenberg).
  • Japan and Korea have similar parenting styles explaining the similar results.
• Cultural Variations-

  CPS- Indigenous researchers (research the same country they are from) making it easy to understand language giving high validity.

  CPW- Bias and difficulty in cross-cultural communication.
• Cultural Variations-

  W- Confounding variables by not matching methology (poverty may affect this by having a smaller bare room compared to a large, interesting room to the babies).

  W- Imposed etiquette (happy to be reunited in the US is good, in Germany it would be seen as the baby being independent) different views on what the behaviour means in each culture.