world's geography

• What does the term "geography" mean in Greek?

  Geography means "Earth description" in Greek.
• What does periodization in history reflect according to William Green?

  Periodization reflects our priorities, values, and understanding of continuity and change.
• What are the two time periods in World History?


  1. B.C.E. (Before the Common Era)
  2. C.E. (Common Era)
• What does the term "Common Era" refer to?

  The Common Era refers to the believed birth of Jesus Christ.
• What are the three periods in the Tripartite Model of history?

  The three periods are Ancient, Medieval, and Modern.
• What was Eratosthenes' contribution to geography?

  Eratosthenes measured the angle of the shadow in Alexandria to estimate the Earth's circumference.
• What are the two branches of geography?

  The two branches are Cultural (Human) Geography and Physical Geography.
• What does Cultural Geography study?

  Cultural Geography studies human culture and its impact on the Earth.
• What is the definition of culture in the context of geography?


  Culture is the particular way of life of a certain group, including food, architecture, traditions, and language.
• What does Physical Geography study?

  Physical Geography studies the natural features of the Earth, such as landforms and climate.
• What are the five themes of geography?

  1. Location
  2. Place
  3. Human-Environment Interaction
  4. Movement
  5. Regions
• What is absolute location?

  Absolute location is defined by latitude and longitude or a specific street address.
• What is relative location?

  Relative location is described by landmarks, time, direction, or distance from one place to another.
• What does "place" refer to in geography?

  "Place" refers to the physical and human characteristics of a location.
• What is human-environment interaction?

  Human-environment interaction studies how humans adapt to and modify their environment.
• What is movement in geography?


  Movement refers to how people, ideas, and animals move from one place to another.
• What are formal regions?

  Formal regions are defined by governmental or administrative boundaries or similar characteristics.
• What are functional regions?

  Functional regions are defined by a function, such as a service area.
• What are the physical characteristics of the Earth?

  • Landforms (mountains, hills, plains)
  • Waterforms (oceans, rivers, lakes)
• What is weather?

  Weather is the condition of the air or atmosphere at a specific time.
• What factors influence weather?

  Factors influencing weather include temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction.
• What are the eight types of weather mentioned?

  The eight types of weather are sunny, cloudy, fog, rain, lightning, snow, wind, and tornadoes.
• How does rain occur?

  Rain occurs when water droplets in clouds become heavy enough to fall to the ground.
• How does snow differ from rain?

  Snow consists of ice crystals that do not melt as they fall to the ground.
• What characterizes a thunderstorm?

  A thunderstorm is characterized by thunder, lightning, heavy rain, and strong winds.
• What happens during the formation of a thunderstorm?

  During a thunderstorm, rising air cools, water vapor condenses, and electrical energy builds up.
• What is the difference between weather and climate?

  • Weather: Minute-by-minute changes in the atmosphere.
  • Climate: Long-term average of weather patterns in a region.
• What factors affect climate?

  Climate is affected by latitude, terrain, altitude, and nearby water bodies.
• What are the five main climate types on Earth?

  1. Tropical
  2. Dry
  3. Temperate
  4. Continental
  5. Polar
• What is climate change?

  Climate change occurs when changes in the Earth's climate system lead to different weather patterns.
• What human activities contribute to climate change?

  Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and intensive agriculture contribute to climate change.
• How much has the globe warmed since the Industrial Revolution?

  The globe is approximately one degree warmer on average than it was before the Industrial Revolution.
• What are the main causes of climate change?

  • Increased use of fossil fuels
  • Deforestation
  • Intensive agriculture
• What are the key topics covered in the study material?

  • Geography
  • Physical Characteristics of the Earth
  • Climate & Weather
  • Climate Change