a headland is a cliff that sticks out to sea which is surrounded by sides of water. They form from hard rock e.g. limestone and chalk which are harder to erode
the arch becomes wider due to erosion at the base until it can't support the top of the arch. When the arch collapses it leaves the headland on one side and a stack (a tall column of rock)on the other
the stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed (abrasion and hydraulic action). This weakens the structure and will eventually collapse to form a stump
Destructive waves erode cliff material. This material is transported by longshore drift. Constructive waves deposit material when they break in a sheltered bay, this forms a beach. A sheltered area like a bay is required so the beach builds up. Not all beaches are made of sand . For example much of the south coast of England has pebble beaches
A spit is a long narrow ridge of shingle (material) and sand which stretches out from the coast
sediment that destructive waves have eroded from the cliff is carried by longshore drift in the direction of the prevailing wind. When there is a change in the shape of the coastline/cliff deposition occurs close to the shore. A long thin ridge of material is deposited. This is the spit. A hooked end is made if there is a change in wind direction. Waves cannot get past a spit therefore the water behind a spit is very sheltered
a bar is formed when the spit extends out to sea and joins together two headlands. This allows a lagoon to form behind the bar as its protected from the waves of the sea
A tombolo is formed when the spit extends out to sea from the mainland and joins itself to an island. Overtime the deposition can be so great that it is possible to walk along the tombolo to the connecting island
sand deposited on the beach has been blown inland by onshore winds to form dunes. Dunes change in form and appearance, the further inland. Embryo dunes form around deposited obstacles, they have no to little vegetation. As you move further inland the dunes become stabilised by vegetation to form yellow dunes and mature dunes
-The rocks have been folded and tilted so that bands of different rock types reach the coast
-the indented coastline of headland and bays is a discordant coastline. On the south coast there is only one rock type forming a relatively straight section of coast called a concordant coastline.
-To the north of Swanage is Poole Harbour- one of the UK's largest natural harbours. Deposition has taken place here in the sheltered bay
-Two spits have formed at the mouth of the harbour on the north and south sides
-At Studland there are lagoons, salt marshes and sand dunes
-There are chalk headlands at Ballard point to the north of Swanage Bay. There are also impressive white chalk cliffs and many isolated stacks , including an isolated stack known as 'Old Harry