Coasts part 5

Created by

Hasset Kifle

Cards (20)

What will the Medmerry scheme be like in the future
- will create a large saltmarsh
-build a valuable wildlife habitat
-help to protect the surrounding farmland and caravan parks from flooding
-encourage visitors to the area
What are the 4 main options of coastal management strategies
-Advance the line(hard engineering)
new defences are built further out to sea
-Hold the line(hard engineering)
existing defences and line of defence are maintained
-Retreat the line(soft engineering)
move people out of the area and let nature take control
-Do nothing(soft engineering)
not deal with the effects of flooding and erosion or ignore them
Describe beach nourishment 
The replacement of lost sediment from the beach.
Beach recharge involves taking sediment from a bay and placing it on a beach that is losing sand
What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nourishment
advantages:
-more room for beach users
-more protected from coastal flooding
-reduces sea wall maintenance costs
-attracts tourists
-cheaper then hard engineering
disadvantages:
-during the re-nourishment access to the beach is restricted and beach recycling may cause resentment from locals
Describe sand dune regeneration
The artificial creating of new sand dunes or the restoration of existing sand dunes. Sand dunes act as a physical barrier between the sea and land
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sand dunes
advantages:
-protect land uses behind them
-they are popular as picnic and walking areas
-a cheap method
-Studland sand dune regeneration has helped maintain a habitat for rare animal species
disadvantages:
-may be damaged by storms and even in good conditions it will take two - three years before grasses become established and begin to spread
Describe Beach reprofiling 
The artificial way of reshaping a beach using existing beach material. In winter a beach is lowered by destructive waves. After winter storms bulldozers move shingle back up the beach
What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach reprofiling
advantages:
-residential area behind the beach is protected
-looks reasonably natural
disadvantages:
-a steep high crested beach may look unnatural and uninviting to tourists
-can be expensive
-bulldozers restrict access to the beach
Describe dune fencing 
Fences are constructed on a sandy beach along the seaward face of existing dunes to encourage new dunes formation. New dunes to help old dunes.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of dune fencing
advantages:
-minimal impact on natural systems
-help to control public access to the dunes which protects other ecosystems
disadvantages:
-can be unsightly
-need regular maintenance especially after storms
Case study for coastal management
Lyme Regis
Where is Lyme Regis located?
Lyme Regis is a small coastal town on the south coast of England . It is at the heart of the Jurassic Coast and is famous for its landscapes and fossils. The town is a popular tourist destination, increasing local population from 4000 to 15,000 during the summer
What are the issues at Lyme Regis
-built on unstable cliffs
-Coastline is eroding more rapidly than any in Europe due to powerful waves from the south west
-Properties have been destroyed or damaged
-Sea walls have been breached many times
How has Lyme Regis coastline been managed 
The Lyme Regis Environmental Improvement Scheme was set up by West Dorset District Council in the early 1990s. Its aims were to provide long-term coastal protection and reduce the threat of landslips.
To reduce conflicts between different groups, such as property owners, fishermen and environmentalists, there were consultation meetings and the public were kept informed before and during the construction
Describe phase 1 of the Lyme Regis scheme
Date: 1990s (completed 1995)
-New sea wall and promenade constructed to the east of the mouth of the River Lim
-Winter 2003-4- a £1.4million emergency project was completed to stabilise cliffs, improve drainage and re-profile the beach slope
Describe phase 2 of Lyme Regis scheme
Date: 2005-2007
-Extensive improvements made to the sea front costing £22million.Included:
-construction of new sea walls and promenades
-creation of a wide sand and shingle beach- dredged from the English Channel and sand imported from France
-extension of rock armour at The Cobb and eastern end of the sea front
Describe Phase 3 of the Lyme Regis scheme
not undertaken
-the initial plan to help prevent landslips and coastal erosion to the west of The Cobb were shelved, It was decided to leave this stretch of coast alone as the costs outweighed the benefits
Describe phase 4 of the Lyme Regis scheme
date: 2013-2015
-final phase focused on the coast east of the town. Cost £20million and involved:
-constructing a new 39m sea wall in front of the existing wall
-extensive drainage and cliff stabilisation to protect 480 homes
What are the positive outcomes of the coastal management scheme in Lyme Regis
-new beaches have increased visitor numbers
-seafront business are thriving
-new defences have stood up to recent stormy winters
-the harbour is now better protected, benefitting boat owners and fisherman
What are the negative outcomes of the coastal management scheme in Lyme Regis
-increased visitor numbers have led to conflicts with local people- traffic congestion and litter have increased
-new defences have spoilt the natural coastal landscape
-sea wall may interfere with coastal processes and affect neighbouring stretches of coastline
-stabilising cliffs will prevent landslips that may reveal important fossils - potential conflict