Oral cavity

• What is cleft palate also known as?

  Palatoschisis
• What is brachygnathia?

  It refers to a short jaw, which can be superior (upper) or inferior (lower).
• What is epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

  It is a genetic condition where the skin did not develop, affecting species like cattle, horses, and pigs.
• What is epidermolysis bullosa?

  It is a genetic condition affecting breeds like collies, Suffolks, and South Downs.
• What are the sequelae of cleft palate in lambs?

  Inability to suckle and aspiration pneumonia.
• What is the term for the abnormality where the upper jaw is overshot?

  Brachygnathia inferior
• What does the term "odontodystrophy" refer to?


  It refers to dental anomalies including dentigerous cysts and enamel hypoplasia.
• What is a dentigerous cyst?

  A cyst in the mandible that is part of an odontodystrophy.
• What causes enamel hypoplasia in dogs?

  Canine distemper viral infection damages ameloblasts, preventing enamel formation.
• What is the effect of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea on enamel?

  It causes enamel hypoplasia due to ameloblast damage.
• What is fluorosis in relation to teeth?

  It is a condition characterized by poorly formed brittle enamel.
• What can cause yellow pigmentation of teeth in puppies?

  Tetracycline treatment.
• What is abnormal attrition?

  It refers to abnormal wear of teeth, often due to odontodystrophy or malocclusion.
• What is calculus in relation to dental health?

  It is mineralized plaque that can lead to gingival atrophy and gingivitis.
• What are glossal fimbriae?

  Fleshy, flat epithelial projections from the edge of the tongue in normal newborn piglets.
• What are some types of inflammation in the oral cavity?

  Stomatitis, pharyngitis, glossitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, pyorrhoea, tonsillitis, cheilitis.
• What are the types of lesions associated with oral inflammation?

  Papular, vesicular, erosive, ulcerative, catarrhal, purulent, diphtheritic, necrotic, granulomatous.
• What is canine epulis?

  It is a gingival mass in the premolar/molar region that can be hyperplastic, inflammatory, or neoplastic.
• What is the most common type of canine epulis?

  Focal fibrous hyperplasia.
• What can canine oral papillomas be caused by?

  Canine papillomavirus.
• What type of carcinoma is mentioned in the study material?

  Salivary gland carcinoma.
• What type of sarcoma is mentioned?

  Fibrosarcoma.
• What is an amelanotic melanoma?

  A type of melanoma that lacks pigmentation.
• What are some possible causes of oral masses in cats?

  Eosinophilic granuloma, lymphoplasmocytic pharyngitis, squamous cell carcinoma.
• What is eosinophilic granuloma in cats?

  It is characterized by eosinophils and macrophages, with an uncertain cause.
• What is squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in cats associated with?


  It is usually found on the underside of the tongue and may be associated with flea collars.
• What can cause focal ulcerative glossitis in cats?

  Infections such as calicivirus, feline leukemia virus (FLV), or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
• What are vesicular diseases affecting the oral cavity?

  Foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis, vesicular exanthema, swine vesicular disease.
• What virus causes Foot-and-Mouth Disease?

  Picorna Aphthovirus.
• What are the hosts for Vesicular Stomatitis?

  Equids, deer, cattle, pigs, and humans.
• What are the clinical signs of Foot-and-Mouth Disease?

  Vesicles in the mouth, muzzle, tongue, feet, udder, and teats, along with lameness and loss of condition.
• What is the role of pigs in Foot-and-Mouth Disease?

  Pigs are amplifier hosts, while cattle are clinical (indicator) hosts.
• What lesions are associated with Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)?

  Enamel hypoplasia, erosions on gums, tongue, and palate, and linear erosions in the mucosa of the esophagus.
• What are the outcomes of infection with BVD virus at different gestation stages?

  Less than 90 days: decreased conception; 90-120 days: persistent infection; over 120 days: developmental defects.
• What is Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) caused by?

  Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 and Ovine Herpesvirus 2.
• What are the clinical signs of MCF?

  Keratoconjunctivitis, uveitis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and inflamed nasolabium, mouth, and upper respiratory tract.
• What are some exotic erosive/ulcerative diseases mentioned?

  Rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants, and bluetongue.
• What is the causative agent of rinderpest?

  A morbillivirus (Paramyxo).
• What are the clinical signs of bluetongue?

  Cyanosis of the tongue, vasculitis leading to infarctive lesions, and petechiae on heel bulbs and coronet.
• What are the bacterial and fungal causes of stomatitis mentioned?

  Oral necrobacillosis, actinobacillosis, actinomycosis, and thrush.