TISSUE LEVEL ORGANIZATION

• fundamental types of tissue

  epithelial tissue

  connective tissue

  muscular tissue

  nervous system
• epithelial tissue


  found in the coverings and lining of the body
• functions of epithelial tissue

  transport substance

  secretions

  protection
• epithelial tissue: covering and lining

  • simple squamous epithelium
  • simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
  • ciliated simple columnar epithelium
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • stratified cuboidal epithelium
  • stratified columnar epithelium
  • transitional epithelium
• glandular epithelium

  endocrine

  exocrine
• exocrine


  merocrine (salivary gland)

  apocrine (mammary gland)

  holocrine (sebaceous gland)
• connective tissue


  one of the most abundant and wisely distributed tissue in the body
• general features

  connective tissue

  extracellular matrix
• connective tissue cells

  fibroblast

  macrophages

  plasma cells

  mast cells

  adipocytes

  leukocytes
• fibroblast


  secretes fibers and ground substance
• macrophages


  form monocyte = phagocytosis
• plasma cells


  from b lymphocyte = fights infection
• adipocyte


  stores triglycerides = energy source
• leukocytes


  fights infection
• extracellular matrix


  fibronectin

  ground substance

  fibers
• fibronectin


  binds ground substance and fibers
• mast cells


  produces histamine = vasodilator
• ground substance

  glycosaminoglycans:

  chondroitin sulfate

  dermatan sulfate

  keratin sulfate

  hyaluronic acid
• ground substance


  glycosaminoglycans

  proteoglycans
• fibers


  collagen = strength

  elastic=extensibility

  reticular = support
• embryonic connective tissue

  mesenchyme

  mucous connective tissue
• mature connective tissue

  loose connective tissue

  dense connective tissue

  cartilage

  bone

  liquid connective tissue
• loose connective tissue

  areolar connective tissue

  adipose connective tissue

  reticular connective tissue
• dense connective tissue

  dense regular connective tissue

  dense irregular connective tissue

  elastic connective tissue
• cartilage

  hyaline cartilage

  fibrocartilage

  elastic cartilage
• muscle tissue


  consists of elongated cell called muscle fibers or myocytes that can use ATP to generate force
• muscle tissue types

  skeletal muscle tissue

  smooth muscle tissue

  cardiac muscle tissue
• types of nervous system

  neuron

  neuroglia
• neuroglia


  microglia

  astrocytes

  oligodendrocytes
• microglia


  macrophanges
• astrocytes


  support
• oligodendrocytes


  produces myelin sheath