BIOPEST

• What are the major obstacles to crop production mentioned in the introduction?

  Herbivorous insects, mites, plant diseases, and weeds
• Why are conventional methods of pest control becoming more difficult?

  Due to pesticide resistance
• What is the challenge in developing pest control systems?


  To create environmentally sustainable systems while maintaining crop quality, productivity, and profitability
• How does the United States Environmental Protection Agency define biopesticides?


  As types of pesticides derived from materials such as animals, plants, and microorganisms
• What are the advantages of biopesticides compared to conventional pesticides?

  They are usually less toxic, affect only target pests, are inexpensive to develop, and decompose quickly
• What is one of the richest countries in terms of plant biodiversity?

  The Philippines
• What is necessary for the success of biopesticide technology?


  Observation to discover potential plant species and creative experimentation in processing these plants
• What are the objectives of the laboratory exercise on biopesticides?


  • Learn and apply techniques in preparation of plant extracts
  • Understand the efficacy of the extracts in controlling a specific pest
• How many laboratory meetings are scheduled for this exercise?

  Two
• What materials are required for the biopesticide formulation exercise?

  • Plant samples
  • Electric stove
  • Strainer
  • Jar containers
  • Stirring rod
• What should a student do before starting the biopesticide formulation?

  Choose a plant to be used for biopesticide formulation
• What is the first step in the maceration extraction method?

  Place chopped or ground plant tissues in a closed container with the solvent (water)
• How long should the maceration process stand at room temperature?

  At least 3 days
• What is the purpose of straining the mixture in the maceration method?

  To separate the marc (the pulpy residue) from the liquid
• What is the infusion method used for?

  To extract active ingredients that are volatile
• What should be done after placing chopped dried or fresh plant tissues in hot water during infusion?

  Allow the plant tissues to steep in the liquid for a period of time
• What is the process of decoction?


  Boiling dried or fresh plant tissues in a specified volume of water for a defined time
• What should be done after boiling the plant tissues in decoction?

  Allow the plant tissues to steep in the liquid before removal
• What is required for the formulated biopesticide in this exercise?


  It will be used for one of the treatments in Laboratory Exercise 4
• What are the requirements for the laboratory exercise on biopesticides?

  • Formulated biopesticide for Laboratory Exercise 4
  • Submission of a Scientific Paper
  • Submission of a Video Documentation of the experiment
• What should be included at the last page of the scientific paper?

  A question to answer about important considerations in choosing plants to be used as biopesticides
• Who are the authors of the reference on extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants?

  Sukhdev S.H., S.P.S Khanuja, G. Longo, and D.D. Rakesh
• What is the title of the reference document mentioned?

  Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
• What organization regulates biopesticides in the USA?

  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• When was the EPA document on regulating biopesticides accessed?


  June 7, 2012
• Where can the EPA document on regulating biopesticides be found?

  http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides/