atomic structure, t4

    Cards (33)

    • What does the word "atom" mean in Greek?
      Uncuttable
    • What is the size range of an atom?
      Between 1×1010 m1 \times 10^{-10}\text{ m} and 5×1010 m5 \times 10^{-10}\text{ m}
    • What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?
      Protons, neutrons, and electrons
    • Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
      In the nucleus
    • What is the mass of a proton?
      1 atomic mass unit (amu)
    • What is the charge of a neutron?
      No overall charge
    • What is the charge of an electron?
      Negative charge
    • What do the larger and smaller numbers on the periodic table represent?
      The larger number is the mass number and the smaller number is the atomic number
    • How is the mass number calculated?
      Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
    • How is the atomic number defined?
      Atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons in a neutral atom
    • If boron has a mass number of 11 and an atomic number of 5, how many neutrons does it have?
      6 neutrons
    • What happens to the charge of an atom when it gains or loses electrons?
      It becomes an ion with a net charge
    • What is an isotope?
      An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
    • How did Rutherford's experiment change the model of the atom?
      It showed that atoms have a dense positive nucleus
    • What are the three types of radiation?
      Alpha radiation, beta radiation, and gamma radiation
    • What is alpha radiation also known as?
      Helium nuclei
    • What is beta radiation also known as?
      An electron
    • How is gamma radiation classified?
      As part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • Which type of radiation is highly penetrating?
      Gamma radiation
    • What is the unit for measuring radiation?
      Bequerel (Bq)
    • What is a half-life?
      The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay
    • How can you determine the half-life from a graph?
      By measuring the time it takes for activity to decrease from 100% to 50%
    • What is the half-life of uranium-238 if it decays to thorium?
      40 years
    • What is the primary source of background radiation?
      Radon gas
    • What percentage of background radiation comes from medical x-rays?
      About 14%
    • What is the role of gamma radiation in medical applications?
      It is used for cancer treatment and sterilizing materials
    • Why is beta radiation used in testing the thickness of materials?
      Because it has a short range and can penetrate materials
    • What is nuclear fission?
      The process of splitting heavy atomic nuclei
    • What is nuclear fusion?
      The process of combining light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
    • What are the key developments in the atomic model from ancient Greece to modern times?
      • Ancient Greece: Atom as "uncuttable"
      • Dalton: Solid sphere model
      • Thomson: Plum pudding model
      • Rutherford: Nuclear model with a dense nucleus
      • Chadwick: Discovery of neutrons
      • Bohr: Modern nuclear model with orbiting electrons
    • What are the differences between alpha, beta, and gamma radiation?
      • Alpha radiation:
      • Helium nuclei
      • Mass: 4, Charge: +2
      • Highly ionizing, low penetration
      • Beta radiation:
      • Electrons
      • Mass: 0, Charge: -1
      • Moderate ionizing, moderate penetration
      • Gamma radiation:
      • Electromagnetic wave
      • Mass: 0, Charge: 0
      • Low ionizing, highly penetrating
    • What are the uses of radioactivity in various fields?
      • Medical applications: Cancer treatment, sterilization
      • Industrial applications: Thickness testing
      • Research: Tracers in biological studies
      • Safety: Smoke alarms
    • What factors influence the choice of radiation type for a specific application?
      • Half-life: Duration of radioactivity
      • Type of radiation: Ionizing ability and penetration
      • Purpose: Medical, industrial, or research needs
    See similar decks