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Cards (33)
What does the word "atom" mean in Greek?
Uncuttable
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What is the size range of an atom?
Between
1
×
1
0
−
10
m
1 \times 10^{-10}\text{ m}
1
×
1
0
−
10
m
and
5
×
1
0
−
10
m
5 \times 10^{-10}\text{ m}
5
×
1
0
−
10
m
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What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons
,
neutrons
, and
electrons
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Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
In the
nucleus
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What is the mass of a proton?
1
atomic
mass
unit (amu)
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What is the charge of a neutron?
No
overall
charge
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What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
charge
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What do the larger and smaller numbers on the periodic table represent?
The larger number is the
mass
number and the smaller number is the
atomic
number
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How is the mass number calculated?
Mass number = number of
protons
+ number of
neutrons
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How is the atomic number defined?
Atomic number = number of
protons
= number of electrons in a
neutral
atom
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If boron has a mass number of 11 and an atomic number of 5, how many neutrons does it have?
6
neutrons
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What happens to the charge of an atom when it gains or loses electrons?
It becomes an
ion
with a
net
charge
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What is an isotope?
An atom with the same number of
protons
but a different number of
neutrons
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How did Rutherford's experiment change the model of the atom?
It showed that atoms have a dense
positive
nucleus
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What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha
radiation,
beta
radiation, and
gamma
radiation
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What is alpha radiation also known as?
Helium
nuclei
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What is beta radiation also known as?
An
electron
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How is gamma radiation classified?
As part of the
electromagnetic
spectrum
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Which type of radiation is highly penetrating?
Gamma
radiation
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What is the unit for measuring radiation?
Bequerel
(Bq)
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What is a half-life?
The time it takes for
half
of the radioactive atoms to
decay
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How can you determine the half-life from a graph?
By measuring the time it takes for activity to decrease from
100%
to
50%
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What is the half-life of uranium-238 if it decays to thorium?
40
years
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What is the primary source of background radiation?
Radon gas
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What percentage of background radiation comes from medical x-rays?
About
14%
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What is the role of gamma radiation in medical applications?
It is used for
cancer
treatment and
sterilizing
materials
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Why is beta radiation used in testing the thickness of materials?
Because it has a
short
range and can
penetrate
materials
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What is nuclear fission?
The process of
splitting heavy atomic nuclei
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What is nuclear fusion?
The process of combining
light
atomic nuclei to form a
heavier
nucleus
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What are the key developments in the atomic model from ancient Greece to modern times?
Ancient Greece:
Atom
as "uncuttable"
Dalton:
Solid
sphere model
Thomson
: Plum pudding model
Rutherford:
Nuclear
model with a dense nucleus
Chadwick
: Discovery of neutrons
Bohr
: Modern nuclear model with orbiting electrons
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What are the differences between alpha, beta, and gamma radiation?
Alpha
radiation:
Helium
nuclei
Mass:
4
, Charge:
+2
Highly
ionizing,
low
penetration
Beta
radiation:
Electrons
Mass:
0
, Charge:
-1
Moderate
ionizing,
moderate
penetration
Gamma
radiation:
Electromagnetic
wave
Mass: 0, Charge:
0
Low
ionizing,
highly
penetrating
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What are the uses of radioactivity in various fields?
Medical applications:
Cancer
treatment, sterilization
Industrial applications:
Thickness
testing
Research:
Tracers
in biological studies
Safety:
Smoke
alarms
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What factors influence the choice of radiation type for a specific application?
Half-life
: Duration of radioactivity
Type
of radiation: Ionizing ability and penetration
Purpose
: Medical, industrial, or research needs
View source
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