control, punishment and victims

• Durkheim- punishment for social solidarity / restore shared values

  Retributive justice: vengeful passion towards offender

  Restitutive justice: restoring to how they were, helping society's equilibrium
• Marxism theorist highlight the role pf punishment in maintaining social control and suppressing opposition (Melossi and Pavarini)
• Gordon (marxist)- punishment performs ideological functions, making wc seem as social failures while we ignore immorality and greed of rc
• Right realist claim that locking people up and giving harsher p is a casual factor in the crime rate going down over the last two decades~
• Interactionism- mortification of the self. The label acts as a form of control, punishing individuals to conform to societal expectations as the stigma makes it harder to re-enter society /Goffman's total institutions idea
• Postmodernist Foucault- shift to disciplinary power creates social order by encouraging self regulation. Indirect control without needing harsh P, promoting stability by ensuring compliance with laws and expectations.
• Garland- Punitive state and culture of control: CJS focused on rehabilitation (penal welfarism) and then to appearing tough.

  Shift creates social order by deterring crime through tough policies.
• Surveillance limitations

  1. disproportionately targeting certain groups, leading to over policing and social inequality, sense of unfair treatment
  2. concerns about individual privacy, excessive monitoring can infringe on personal freedoms and rights