development

• Water availability

  Less time in education, more time spent looking for water. Leads to people working in lower job positions due to being less qualified
• Climate

  • Hot climates can increase the spread of pests and diseases
  • Unpredictable weather can make crop yields fluctuate
• Physical causes of uneven development

  • Climate
  • Water availability
  • Landlocked
  • Natural hazards
  • Infertile soils
• Landlocked

  Means a country has no acess to the sea and seaborne trade, so cannot develop economicaly
• Natural hazards

  Spending a lot of money on repairing damage done by natural hazards can be an economical disadvantageas it means there is less money to spend on developing the country
• Infertile soils

  A lack of nutrients means crop production is less reliable
• Historical factors of uneven development

  Colonialism

  War
• Colonialism

  Former colonies have less money to invest in development due to the past exploitative trade of raw materials. Often these countries are still paid very little for products
• War

  Money spent on weapons is not spent on development
• Economic causes of uneven development

  Debt

  Corruption

  Trade of primary products
• Debt

  Less money to invest in developing a nation as it is needed to pay of the debt
• Trade in primary products

  Limits income as raw materials are worth less than processed goods. Prices may also fluctuate depending on demand
• Corruption

  Money stolen or wasted on not developing a country
• Example of climate causing uneven development

  Malawi-affected by droughts, people spend hours a day collecting water, lacks the money to develop water storage and distribution systems
• Example country of conflict causing uneven development

  Rwanda - The Rwandan genocide took place 1994 in which 1 million people were killed. A conflict between two ethnic groups
• Example country of corruption causing uneven development

  Nigeria - Boko Haram a terrorist group leading people to move to IDP (Internally Displaced People) camps, with poor hygiene
• Example country of trade causing uneven development

  Zambia - Exports copper (worth 60% of total export value), mainly trades with Switzerland. Also trades sugar, tobacco, gemstones and cotton. Still considered to have low human development with HDI of 0.39
• How many people are employed by Shell directly?

  65,000
• Indirect employment by Shell

  250,000
• 90% of Shell staff is Nigerian
• 200,000 people employed by tourism in Jamaica
• Tourism provides 24% of Jamaicas GDP
• Why is Jamaica popular with tourists?

  It offers a rich cultural heritage, a warm sunny climaate and beautiful beaches