How to fight infection

Created by

Beth

Cards (26)

Acute inflammation usually lasts less than three weeks
Acute inflammation caused by injury not necessarily associated with tissue destruction
Acute inflammation is followed by healing which may be by repair
In acute inflammation there is abundant inflammatory exudation
Neutrophils are often recruited in large numbers for acute inflammation
Acute inflammation has variable systemic effects, often minor
Chronic inflammation is defined as over 6 weeks
Significant tissue destruction is typically a common feature of chronic inflammation
Inflammation and repair occur concurrently in chronic inflammation
Inflammatory exudation is less marked in chronic inflammation
Macrophages, lymphocytes and their derivatives are characteristically predominate in chronic inflammation
Systemic manifestations are often prominent in chronic inflammation
Fever - an abnormally high body temperature, usually accompanied by shivering, headache, and in severe instances, delirius
Fever is a complex physiologic response to infection or injury
Fever is a component of the acute-phase response to infection
In humans, generating fever through shivering requires a six-fold increase in metabolic rate.
Fever is beneficial in an infected host
Fever enhances
neutrophil chemotaxis
phagocytosis
opsonisation
mitogen response
B-cell activation
killer cell activation
Mitogens enhance cell proliferation and cytokine release
PRR on macrophage bind to PAMPs on bacteria
Phagocytosis
attachment
Ingestion
killing
degradation
Macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines
Bacteria induce macrophages to produce IL-6, which acts on hepatocytes to induce synthesis of acute-phase proteins CRP and MBL
C-reactive protein binds phosphorylcholine on bacterial surfaces, acting as an opsonin, and also activating complement.
Mannan-binding lectin binds mannose residues on bacterial surfaces, acting as an opsonin, and also activating complement
necrosis - uncontrolled chaotic cell death