OTHER GRAM-

• Which organism is differentiated from E. coli in the study material?

  Edwardniella
• What does XLD stand for in the context of microbiology?

  Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate
• What is the indicator of XLD?

  Sodium deoxychocolate
• Which organism is identified as an obligate aerobe?

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• What type of odor is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  Sweet or grape-like or corn-taco like odor
• At what temperature does Pseudomonas aeruginosa grow well?

  37-42°C
• What is the oxidase test result for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  Oxidase positive
• Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferment carbohydrates?

  No, it does not ferment carbohydrates
• What pigment does Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce?

  Blue-green pigment
• What types of infections can Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?

  Wound infections, meningitis, UTI, pneumonia, sepsis, mild otitis externa/media, swimmer's ear, and skin lesions
• How does Pseudomonas aeruginosa contribute to nosocomial infections?

  It is resistant to a number of disinfectants
• What color does Pseudomonas aeruginosa appear on culture?

  Green, sometimes with a metallic sheen
• What color does Serratia marcescens appear at room temperature?

  Brick-red
• What color does Kluyvera spp. produce?

  Blue
• What color does Chromobacterium violaceum produce?

  Purple
• What color does Prevotella melaninogenica produce?

  Brown-black
• What disease does Burkholderia mallei cause?

  Glanders disease
• What is the transmission route of Burkholderia mallei to humans?

  Transmissible from horses and similar animals
• What are the symptoms of Burkholderia mallei infection in humans?

  Begins as an ulcer of skin and mucous membrane followed by lymphangitis and sepsis
• What disease does Burkholderia pseudomallei cause?

  Meloidosis/Vietnamese Time bomb/Whitmore's disease
• What is the characteristic of Vibrio species in terms of motility?

  They are unidate with peritrichous flagella
• What is the significance of V. cholerae?

  It causes cholera
• What is the characteristic stool appearance in cholera cases?

  Characteristic rise water stool
• On which media is V. cholerae cultured?

  APW and TCBS
• What is the string test used for in microbiology?

  To identify V. cholerae
• What are the serogroups of V. cholerae mentioned?

  Inaba, Ogawa, Hikojima
• What is the clinical significance of V. alginolyticus?

  Wound and ear infections associated with marine environments
• What is the clinical significance of V. parahemolyticus?

  Gastroenteritis, usually associated with contaminated seafood
• What is the clinical significance of V. mimicus?

  Gastroenteritis and ear infections associated with marine environment
• What is the clinical significance of V. vulnificus?

  Septicemia and wound infections involving marine environment
• What is the growth requirement for Haemophilus species?

  35-37°C
• Are Haemophilus species motile or non-motile?

  Non-motile
• What is the requirement for X factor in Haemophilus species?

  X factor is required
• What is the requirement for V factor in Haemophilus species?

  V factor is required
• What are the clinical significances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  • Wound infections
  • Meningitis
  • Urinary tract infections (UTI)
  • Pneumonia
  • Sepsis
  • Mild otitis externa/media
  • Swimmer's ear
  • Skin lesions
• What are the clinical significances of Vibrio species?

  • V. cholerae: Causes cholera
  • V. alginolyticus: Wound and ear infections
  • V. parahemolyticus: Gastroenteritis from contaminated seafood
  • V. mimicus: Gastroenteritis and ear infections
  • V. vulnificus: Septicemia and wound infections
• What are the species of Haemophilus mentioned in the study material?

  • H. influenza
  • H. parainfluenzae
  • H. hemolyticus
  • H. parahemolyticus
  • H. aegypticus
• TSI: K/K, H2S-, Oxidase+

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• P. aeruginosa produces blue-green pigment of:

  • Blue - Pyocyanin
  • Green - Pyoverdin
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces

  infection of wound and burns/giving rise to blue-green pus