WATER, INORGANIC IONS AND ATP

    Cards (37)

    • What is hydrolysis?
      A reaction where a water molecule is added to break a bond
    • What is condensation in terms of chemical reactions?
      A reaction where a water molecule is released as a new bond is formed
    • How do ions and polar molecules interact with water?
      They get surrounded by polar water molecules and dissolve
    • Why is water important as a solvent for organisms?
      It allows organisms to take up useful substances that can be transported around their bodies
    • What is latent heat in the context of water?
      It is the heat energy needed to change a substance from one state to another
    • How does water's high latent heat of vaporization benefit organisms?
      It allows organisms to cool down through evaporation without losing too much water
    • What is specific heat capacity?
      It is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C
    • Why does water have a high specific heat capacity?
      Most energy is used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules
    • How does water's high specific heat capacity affect its environment?
      It prevents rapid temperature changes, making it a stable habitat
    • What is cohesion in terms of water molecules?
      It is the attraction between molecules of the same type
    • What is adhesion in the context of water molecules?
      It is the attraction between different molecules
    • What causes surface tension in water?
      Hydrogen bonds between the top layer of water molecules create a film on the water's surface
    • How does surface tension benefit insects like pond skaters?
      It allows them to float on the surface of the water
    • What are the key properties of water that make it essential for life?
      • Acts as a metabolite (hydrolysis and condensation)
      • Serves as a solvent for ions and polar molecules
      • High latent heat of vaporization for cooling
      • High specific heat capacity for stable environments
      • Cohesion and adhesion for surface tension
    • What property of water allows it to act as a solvent?
      Polarity. Attraction between water and different substances.
    • Why is high specific heat capacity important for water?
      It helps maintain stable temperatures in the environment.
    • How does water's high latent heat of vaporization benefit living organisms?
      It helps regulate temperature by absorbing heat during evaporation.
    • What roles does water play in living organisms?
      • Allows chemical reactions to occur
      • Acts as a transport medium
      • Provides a suitable habitat
      • Maintains optimal temperature
      • Functions as a coolant
    • What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water's properties?
      They contribute to water's high specific heat and high latent heat of vaporization.
    • How do hydrogen bonds affect the stability of the environment within cells?
      They help maintain temperature and structure, allowing for stable conditions.
    • What is one reason water is considered a suitable habitat for organisms?
      It maintains a stable temperature.
    • What does metabolism mean?
      The rate at which chemical reactions happen in cells.
    • What is the role of Iron (Fe) ions in the body?
      Inside haemoglobin and attaches to oxygen
    • What are examples of organic ions?
      Calcium carbonate = CO32-
    • What are examples of inorganic ions?
      Hydrogen = H+
      Iron = Fe2+/Fe3+
      Sodium = Na+
      Phosphate = PO43-
      Calcium = Ca2+
    • What is an inorganic ion?
      What an ions does not contain carbon.
    • What is latent heat of vaporization?
      Energy required for water to evaporate
    • What is specific heat capacity?
      Energy needed to heat 1kg of a substance
    • Why is water considered a polar molecule?
      Because electrons are closer to oxygen than hydrogen due to having a higher electronegativity.
    • What type of bond is formed between non-metals?
      Covalent bond
    • What is magnesium's role in plants?
      It is a constituent of chlorophyll
    • What is the role of calcium ions (Ca) in the body?
      Muscle contraction
    • What is the role of sodium ions (Na+) in the body?
      Co-transport of glucose and amino acids
    • What is the role of hydrogen ions (H+) in relations to pH?
      They increase the pH
    • What does ATP stand for?
      Adenosine triphosphate
    • What is ATP commonly known as?
      Universal energy carrier
    • Where is ATP produced in the cells?
      Mitochondria
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