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BIOLOGY
WATER, INORGANIC IONS AND ATP
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Cards (37)
What is hydrolysis?
A
reaction
where a
water
molecule is
added
to
break
a
bond
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What is condensation in terms of chemical reactions?
A reaction where a
water molecule
is
released
as a
new bond
is formed
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How do ions and polar molecules interact with water?
They get
surrounded
by
polar water
molecules and
dissolve
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Why is water important as a solvent for organisms?
It allows
organisms
to take up
useful substances
that can be
transported
around their
bodies
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What is latent heat in the context of water?
It is the
heat energy
needed to change a
substance
from one
state
to another
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How does water's high latent heat of vaporization benefit organisms?
It allows organisms to
cool
down through
evaporation
without losing too much
water
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What is specific heat capacity?
It is the
energy
required to
raise
the
temperature
of
1 kg
of a substance by
1°C
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Why does water have a high specific heat capacity?
Most
energy
is used to
break hydrogen bonds
between
water molecules
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How does water's high specific heat capacity affect its environment?
It prevents
rapid temperature
changes, making it a
stable habitat
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What is cohesion in terms of water molecules?
It is the
attraction
between
molecules
of the
same type
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What is adhesion in the context of water molecules?
It is the
attraction
between
different molecules
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What causes surface tension in water?
Hydrogen bonds
between the
top layer
of
water molecules
create a
film
on the
water's surface
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How does surface tension benefit insects like pond skaters?
It allows them to
float
on the
surface
of the
water
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What are the key properties of water that make it essential for life?
Acts as a
metabolite
(
hydrolysis
and
condensation
)
Serves as a
solvent
for
ions
and
polar molecules
High latent heat
of
vaporization
for
cooling
High specific heat capacity
for
stable environments
Cohesion
and
adhesion
for
surface tension
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What property of water allows it to act as a solvent?
Polarity
. Attraction between water and different substances.
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Why is high specific heat capacity important for water?
It helps
maintain stable temperatures
in the
environment.
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How does water's high latent heat of vaporization benefit living organisms?
It helps
regulate temperature
by
absorbing heat
during
evaporation.
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What roles does water play in living organisms?
Allows
chemical
reactions to occur
Acts as a
transport
medium
Provides a suitable
habitat
Maintains
optimal
temperature
Functions as a
coolant
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What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water's properties?
They contribute to water's
high specific heat
and
high latent heat
of
vaporization.
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How do hydrogen bonds affect the stability of the environment within cells?
They help
maintain temperature
and
structure
, allowing for
stable conditions.
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What is one reason water is considered a suitable habitat for organisms?
It
maintains
a
stable temperature.
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What does metabolism mean?
The
rate
at which
chemical reactions
happen in
cells.
What is the role of Iron (Fe) ions in the body?
Inside haemoglobin
and
attaches
to
oxygen
What are examples of organic ions?
Calcium carbonate
=
CO32-
What are examples of inorganic ions?
Hydrogen =
H+
Iron =
Fe2+/Fe3+
Sodium =
Na+
Phosphate =
PO43-
Calcium =
Ca2+
What is an inorganic ion?
What an
ions
does
not
contain
carbon.
What is latent heat of vaporization?
Energy
required for
water
to
evaporate
What is specific heat capacity?
Energy
needed to
heat
1kg
of a substance
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
Because
electrons
are
closer
to oxygen than hydrogen due to having a
higher
electronegativity.
What type of bond is formed between non-metals?
Covalent
bond
What is magnesium's role in plants?
It is a
constituent
of
chlorophyll
What is the role of calcium ions (Ca) in the body?
Muscle
contraction
What is the role of sodium ions (Na+) in the body?
Co-transport
of
glucose
and
amino
acids
What is the role of hydrogen ions (H+) in relations to pH?
They
increase
the
pH
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine
triphosphate
What is ATP commonly known as?
Universal energy carrier
Where is ATP produced in the cells?
Mitochondria
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