Each thylakoid is an enclosed chamber, impermeable to protons
Protons pumped from stroma into thylakoid space by proton pumps in the thylakoid membrane
Energy from electrons that are released in photolysis of water
Photolysis in water produces protons
Increases proton concentration in thylakoid space
Creates and maintains a concentration gradient of protons across thylakoid membrane
Protons can only cross thylakoid membrane through ATP synthase channel proteins
When they pass through, enzyme structure changes
Catalyses the conversion of ADP + Pi to ATP
