Aneurysm

• 3 layers of the Arteries:

  1. Tunica Intima. The inner layer of endothelium.
  2. Tunica Media. The middle layer of the connective tissues, smooth muscles, or elastic fibers.
  3. Tunica Adventitia. The outer layer of connective tissues.
• Aneurysm


  Is localized, irreversible dilatation of an artery due to an alteration in the integrity of its wall.
• The different types of aneurysm are as follows:

  • Fusiform aneurysm. Both sides of the arterial wall are dilated.
  • Saccular aneurysm. One side of the arterial wall is dilated.
  • Dissecting aneurysm. There is separation between the tunica media and tunica intima.
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm 


  This is the most common type of aneurysm.
• The clinical manifestations of AAA are as follows:

  • Pulsatile mass over the abdomen.
  • Low back pain, lower abdominal pain, and flank pain. This is due to compression of structures and nerve endings in the area by the dilated artery.
  • Collapse and shock due to hemorrhage.
• Aneurysm

  The most common cause of aneurysm is hypertension.
• Aneurysm

  The most dangerous complication of aneurysm is rupture.
• Collaborative management for aneurysm:

  1. Antihypertensive drugs
  2. Graft
  3. Aneurysm clip
• Types of Aneurysm: Characteristics

  Fusiform Aneurysm

  • A uniform, spindle-shaped bulge that affects both sides of the artery.
• Types of Aneurysm: Characteristics

  Saccular Aneurysm

  • Appearance: A rounded, sac-like bulge that protrudes from one side of the artery.
• Types of Aneurysm: Characteristics

  Dissecting Aneurysm

  • Appearance: A split or separation between the inner layer (tunica intima) and the middle layer (tunica media) of the artery.