Layers of the Earth

• What theory proposes that the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called plates that constantly move?

  Theory of Plate Tectonics
• The sections of the Earth includes the stated items:

  1. Inner Core
  2. Lehmann Discontinuity
  3. Outer Core
  4. Gutenberg Discontinuity
  5. Lower Mantle
  6. Repetti Discontinuity
  7. Upper Mantle
  8. Mohorovicic Discontinuity
  9. Crust
• What is composed of the crust and mantle, and is segmented through what we call as "plates"?

  The Lithosphere
• Do the lithosphere move?

  Yes
• The Inner core is mostly made up of Iron
• Inner core rotates the same direction with the surface which is Eastward.
• Is the inner core liquid/molten?

  No
• What is the temperature of the inner core?

  5,200 degree Celsius.
• What is the inner core's atmospheric (ATM) pressure?

  3.6 million ATM.
• The inner core is said to be 1,220 kilometers thick.
• The Outer Core is liquid or molten and is made up of Iron and Nickel.
• the Outer Core is low viscosity and is easily deformed.
• What is the outer core's overall temperature?

  4,500 degree Celsius.
• The outer core is said to have an atmospheric pressure of 3.3 million.
• what is the exact measured thickness of the outer core?

  2,220 Kilometer.
• What section of the earth do Lehmann Discontinuity divide?

  It divides the Inner and Outer core.
• The Lehmann discontinuity was discovered by Inge Lehmann.
• It is said that the Lehmann Discontinuity has a thickness of 220 Kilometers.
• The Lehmann Discontinuity was founded in 1936, but was proven in 1970; And the main reason for the discovery of the said Discontinuity was due to a 7.3 earthquake that took place in New Zealand in 1929.
• Who discovered the Gutenberg Discontinuity?

  Beno Gutenberg.
• The Gutenberg Discontinuity divides both layers of the core from the lower mantle.
• The Gutenberg discontinuity was founded in 1912.
• Gutenberg discontinuity is found 2900 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface.
• The mantle is divided into two subsections which are:

  • Lower Mantle
  • Upper Mantle
• The Mantle is composed of what elements?

  Silicon, Magnesium, Iron, Aluminum, and Oxygen.
• 84% of the Earth's mass is made up of the mantle.
• The thickness of the Mantle is measured to 2,900 kilometers.
• How much atmospheric (ATM) pressure does the mantle contain?

  1.34 million ATM
• The temperature of the mantle reaches 1000 - 3700 degree Celsius.
• What type of currents happen within the Mantle?

  Convection Currents
• Convection Currents are characterized by rising hot mantle material, and sinking of colder material.
• Convection currents influence tectonic processes like Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions.
• The inner core is solid and made up mostly of iron.
• What discontinuity separates the upper and lower mantle?

  Repetti Discontinuity
• Repetti discontinuity was discovered by William Repetti.
• Repetti discontinuity is said to be 660 - 700 kilometers deep from the crust.
• What describes as the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet?

  Crust
• The crust is 1% of the Earth's mass.
• The Crust is made up of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Potassium, Sodium, and other elements.
• The crust is said to be 40 kilometers thick.