GENES

• What is the origin of the word "chromosome"?

  It comes from the Greek words "chroma" meaning color and "soma" meaning body.
• What is the primary function of chromosomes?

  They carry genes that determine hereditary characteristics.
• Where are chromosomes located in a cell?

  Inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
• What role do histones play in the structure of chromosomes?


  Histones provide structural support for a chromosome by winding around DNA.
• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
• What is the function of DNA in an organism?

  It carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.
• What is a gene?

  A specific part of DNA responsible for the physical and heritable characteristics of an organism.
• What are homologous chromosomes?

  Chromosomes that have the same structure, including the same location of centromere, same length of arms, and same sets of genes.
• How many chromosomes do humans have?

  Humans have 46 chromosomes.
• How are human chromosomes organized?

  They exist as homologous pairs, with 23 pairs in total.
• What is genetics?

  Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the scientific study of genes and heredity.
• What is heredity?

  Heredity, also called inheritance, is the passing of traits from one generation to another.
• What are alleles?

  Alleles are the different variations of genes, one from each biological parent.
• What does homozygous mean?

  Homozygous refers to having the same or identical pair of alleles.
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Heterozygous refers to having different pairs of alleles.
• What are dominant alleles?

  Dominant alleles are those that are seen in phenotypes.
• What are recessive alleles?

  Recessive alleles are only seen when dominant alleles are not present.
• What is a genotype?

  A genotype is the combination of alleles.
• What is a phenotype?

  A phenotype refers to the physical traits or appearance of an organism.
• What are the key terms related to genetics and heredity?

  • Genetics: Study of genes and heredity.
  • Heredity: Passing of traits from one generation to another.
  • Genes: Specific parts of DNA that control traits.
  • Alleles: Variations of genes from each parent.
  • Homozygous: Identical pair of alleles.
  • Heterozygous: Different pair of alleles.
  • Dominant: Alleles seen in phenotypes.
  • Recessive: Alleles seen only when dominant alleles are absent.
  • Genotypes: Combination of alleles.
  • Phenotypes: Physical traits/appearance.
• What are chromosomes?

  • It is a thread-like structure located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells
  • Carrier of genes that determine the hereditary characteristics.
• What are histones?

  Each chromosome winds around many structural proteins
• What is DNA?

  • It is a genetic material that is coiled around histones
  • It is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism