1.4

• Why was Yuan Shikai unpopular with the army and most Chinese people?

  He accepted Japan's 21 demands in 1915
• What did Japan gain control of after Yuan Shikai accepted the 21 demands?

  Japan gained control of many of China's factories, railway lines, and ports
• When did Yuan Shikai rule China as a dictator?

  From 1912 to 1916
• What was Yuan Shikai's plan that made him unpopular with provincial military leaders and nationalists?

  He tried to make himself emperor
• Why did Yuan Shikai's rejection of democracy make him unpopular with the Guomindang?

  Because the Guomindang supported democratic governance
• What did warlords do for personal gain?

  They made agreements with foreign powers
• What was a profitable industry during the warlord era?

  Kidnapping
• What happened in December 1915 regarding Yuan Shikai?

  The army revolted against him
• What was the outcome of the army's revolt against Yuan Shikai?

  He was forced to abandon his plan to become emperor
• When did Yuan Shikai die?

  In June 1916
• What did warlords impose on the population?

  They slapped taxes on everything from soil to prostitutes
• How did most warlords operate their provinces?

  Most were corrupt and ran their provinces only for their own benefit
• What did villagers have to hand over to warlords?

  Food, carts, and pack animals
• What happened to China's new republic as warlords seized control?

  It soon dissolved into chaos
• How did warlords rule in the provinces?

  They ruled with private armies
• What was the situation in Beijing between 1916 and 1928?

  Beijing was controlled by several different warlords
• Why was no single warlord strong enough to take charge of all of China?

  Because the power was fragmented among various warlords
• What was the trigger for the protests in China after WWI?

  Anger and disappointment at the signing of the Treaty of Versailles
• In what year did China support Britain and France during WWI?

  1917
• Under what condition did China support Britain and France in WWI?

  That the territory of Shandong would regain Chinese control
• To whom was the territory of Shandong awarded in the Treaty of Versailles?

  Japan
• On what date did the May 4th Movement begin?

  May 4th, 1919
• How many students gathered in Tiananmen Square during the May 4th Movement?

  3,000 students
• What did the students chant during the May 4th Movement?

  Nationalist slogans
• What did the students urge the government to do regarding the Treaty of Versailles?

  Not to sign the Treaty of Versailles
• What were the main actions taken by the students during the May 4th Movement?

  • Drafted a manifesto condemning the Treaty of Versailles
  • Industrial workers went on strike
  • Chinese negotiators were told not to sign the treaty
• How did the Beijing government respond to the protests?

  By sending soldiers to disperse the protestors and arrest the leaders
• What was the outcome of the protests in terms of government response?

  The protests expanded nationwide and ended when the arrested students were released
• What happened to several government ministers as a result of the protests?

  They were sacked
• What was the name of the army established by Sun Yat Sen?

  New Republican Army (NRA)
• In what year did Sun Yat Sen set up the Whampoa military academy?

  1924
• What was the purpose of the Whampoa military academy?

  To train the GMD army
• Who provided assistance to Sun Yat Sen in acquiring weapons?

  The Bolsheviks in Russia
• What were the three principles advocated by Sun Yat Sen?

  • National freedom
  • Democracy
  • People's welfare
• When was the Guomindang (GMD) set up?

  1919
• What was the main aim of the Guomindang?

  To raise China out of its poor and backwards state
• What did the GMD need to do to achieve its main aim?

  Get rid of the warlords
• Who took over as leader of the GMD after Sun Yat Sen died?

  Chiang Kai Shek
• What was Chiang Kai Shek's ambition regarding China?

  To win control of China
• What campaign did Chiang Kai Shek lead against the warlords?

  The northern expedition