Science-Physics

• What happens to an object when it gains or loses electrons?

  It becomes charged.
• How is charge measured?

  In coulombs (C).
• What are the two types of charge an object can have?

  Positive and negative charge.
• What occurs when two objects have the same charge?

  They repel each other.
• What occurs when two objects have different charges?

  They attract each other.
• What are the charges of subatomic particles?

  • Proton: +1
  • Electron: -1
  • Neutron: 0
• What are the three states of matter?

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• What is the definition of overall charge?

  It is a scalar quantity that has magnitude only.
• What is a vector quantity?

  A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
• What is the formula for density?


  Density = mass (kg) / volume (m³).
• What do isotopes of an element have in common?

  They have the same number of protons.
• What is the formula for speed?

  Speed = distance / time.
• What is the formula for velocity?


  Velocity = displacement / time.
• What is the formula for acceleration?


  Acceleration = change in velocityx time taken
• What is the formula for kinetic energy?


  Kinetic energy = $\frac{1}{2} mv^2$.
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?


  Gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × change in height ($mgh$).
• What is the formula for elastic potential energy?


  Elastic potential energy = $\frac{1}{2} k x^2$, where $k$ is the spring constant and $x$ is the extension.
• What is the formula for frequency in waves?


  Frequency = number of waves / time.
• What is specific heat capacity?

  It is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
• What is the formula for change in thermal energy?

  Change in thermal energy (J) = mass (kg) × specific heat capacity (J/kg°C) × temperature change (°C).
• What are the reasons for inaccuracies in practical results for specific heat capacity?

  • Thermal energy leaves the heater; use an insulator to lower thermal conductivity.
  • Not all thermal energy passes into the oil; ensure the heater is fully submerged.
  • Incorrect reading of thermometer; use an electronic temperature probe.
  • Thermal energy not spread through the oil; stir the oil.
• Work done = force x distance moved in direction of force