membrane transport

• Cell membrane is typically made out of 2 molecules namely the phospholipid and protein
• solute - a particle that is dissolved in the solvent namely liquid, can be gas, or solid.
• solvent - a medium in which a solute is dissolved.
• What is the universal solvent?

  water
• solution - a mixture of solutes which is the dissolved particles in a solvent.
• concentration - the density of the solvent within a solution.
• concentration gradient - the difference in concentration of a substance between two different areas, the ICF and ECF.
• intracellular fluid - the fluids inside the cell
• extracellular fluid - the fluids outside the cell
• How many percent of total body weight does the ECF contains? Both liters and percent.

  20%, 15L
• How many percent of total body weight does the ICF contains? Both liters and percent.

  40%, 25L
• Where can you find the intravascular fluid?

  plasma
• How many liters and percent does the intravascular fluid cover the total ECF?

  3L, 20%
• How many liters and percent does the interstitial fluid cover the total ECF?

  12L, 80%
• What is the fluid found between the cells?

  interstitial fluid
• Where can you find the enzymes, glycogen, and potassium?

  in higher concentrations inside the cell
• PISO stands for?

  potassium in = sodium out
• Where can you find the sodium, calcium, and chloride?

  in higher concentrations outside the cell
• Cell membrane is selectively permeable
• diffusion - the transfer of molecules from higher concentration towards the lower concentration.
• Example of molecules by means of diffusion are?

  Oxygen and carbon dioxide
• membrane channels - proteins that extend from one side of cell membrane to another
• How does membrane channels determine what can go through?

  the molecule should have the size, shape, and charge
• carrier molecules - bind to molecules, transport them across, and drop them off.
• What is an example of molecules that use carrier molecules?

  glucose
• CHON means?

  protein
• vesicle - can transport a variety of materials.
• vesicle - fuse with cell membrane.
• exostosis - when the transporter is going outside

  endocytosis - when the transporter is going inside
• passive transport - no energy input required example is diffusion
• active transport - movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration through a membrane. Energy is required to move molecules.
• Passive processes includes?

  diffusion, osmosis, and filtration
• diffusion - the movement of solute molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• What type of diffusion that passes through lipid bilayer? Examples are oxygen, carbon dioxide, fatty acids, steroids, vitamin A, D, E, K


  simple diffusion
• What type of diffusion that passes through membrane channels?

  facilitated
• Ion channels carry what element?


  potassium, sodium, calcium, and chlorine
• osmosis - a special type of diffusion that is the movement of the lower water concentration to the higher water concentration.
• osmosis - movement of water because of the different number of solute that is present inside and outside the membrane.
• osmotic pressure - the greater the concentration of a solution, the greater is its osmotic pressure and the greater the tendency for water to move into the solution.
• osmotic pressure - refers to how hard the water would push through the barrier.