Psychology

• What is the main content covered in the gender unit video?

  Key concepts of gender and sex
• What is the difference between sex and gender?

  Sex is biological; gender is psychological
• What does sexual stereotype refer to?

  Culturally shared expectations of behavior
• What is androgyny?

  A balance of masculine and feminine traits
• What does the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) measure?

  Androgyny through masculinity and femininity
• How are participants scored in the BSRI?

  On two dimensions: masculinity and femininity
• What percentage of males were found to be androgynous in Bem's study?

  24 percent
• What percentage of females were found to be androgynous in Bem's study?

  27 percent
• What does high test-retest reliability of the BSRI indicate?

  Consistency in measuring gender traits
• What is the significance of the undifferentiated type in the BSRI?

  Identifies individuals with few gender traits
• How does androgyny relate to psychological health according to Bem?

  Androgynous individuals are more psychologically healthy
• What did Smith and Lloyd's 1987 study reveal about gender stereotypes?

  Adults gave toys based on sex role stereotypes
• What did Mead's 1935 study find about gender roles in tribal communities?

  Examples of feminine males and masculine females
• What determines biological sex according to the study material?

  The 23rd chromosome pair
• What role do testes play in biological sex determination?

  Produce androgens influencing sex differences
• How do hormones influence gender identity and behavior?

  They affect biological development and behavior
• What is testosterone linked to in males?

  Aggressive male behavior
• What is the role of oxytocin in gender behavior?

  Promotes pair bonding and reduces stress
• What percentage of variance in gender identity was linked to genetics in Van Beekhoven's study?

  70 percent
• What did Wagner's study on castrated male mice reveal?

  Reduced aggression returned with testosterone
• What is a limitation of animal studies in gender research?

  Limited application to human behavior
• What is Klinefelter syndrome?

  XXY affecting biological males
• What are some physical characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome?

  Lacking facial hair, tall, small testes
• What is Turner syndrome?

  XO affecting biological females
• What are some psychological characteristics of Turner syndrome?

  High verbal skills, low visual ability
• What is Kohlberg's theory of cognitive gender development?

  Children's understanding of gender develops through stages
• What is the first stage of gender identity according to Kohlberg?

  Awareness of own gender
• What is the second stage of gender stability?

  Awareness of fixed gender over time
• What is the third stage of gender consistency?

  Recognition of consistent gender over time
• What did Martin and Little's study reveal about children's gender preferences?

  Children showed strong sex preferences for toys
• What is gender schema theory?

  Mental representations of gender behaviors