PRELIMS

• What is the first right listed in the Patients Bill of Rights?

  The patient has the right to considerate and respectful care.
• Why is it important for patients to obtain relevant information from their caregivers?

  It helps them understand their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
• Under what circumstances can a patient be denied the opportunity to discuss treatment options?

  In emergencies when the patient lacks decision-making capacity and treatment is urgent.
• What must patients know about the caregivers involved in their treatment?


  Patients have the right to know the identity of physicians, nurses, and others involved in their care.
• What financial information are patients entitled to regarding their treatment choices?

  Patients have the right to know the immediate and long-term financial implications of treatment choices.
• What rights do patients have regarding their treatment decisions?

  Patients have the right to make decisions about their plan of care and refuse recommended treatments.
• What should hospitals do if a patient refuses treatment?

  The hospital should notify patients of any policy that might affect patient choice within the institution.
• What is an advance directive?

  An advance directive is a document concerning treatment or designating a surrogate decision-maker.
• What must healthcare institutions do regarding advance directives?

  Healthcare institutions must advise patients of their rights under state law and hospital policy regarding advance directives.
• What right do patients have concerning their privacy during treatment?

  Patients have the right to every consideration of privacy during case discussions, consultations, examinations, and treatments.
• How should hospitals treat communications and records related to patient care?

  All communications and records pertaining to patient care should be treated as confidential by the hospital.
• What is the patient's right regarding their medical records?

  The patient has the right to review the records pertaining to their medical care.
• What must hospitals do in response to patient requests for care?

  Hospitals must make a reasonable response to requests for appropriate and medically indicated care and services.
• What must patients be informed about when being transferred to another facility?

  Patients must be informed about the need for transfer, risks, benefits, and alternatives.
• What right do patients have regarding business relationships that may influence their care?

  Patients have the right to ask and be informed of the existence of business relationships that may influence their treatment.
• What is informed consent?

  Informed consent is a process of communication that leads to agreement or permission for care, treatment, or services.
• What types of consent exist?

  Types of consent include expressed, implicit, general, and specific consent.
• What is the difference between expressed and implicit consent?


  Expressed consent involves a clear expression of wishes, while implicit consent is inferred from the patient's conduct.
• What is general consent?


  General consent covers possible 'blanket' agreements for treatment.
• What is specific consent?


  Specific consent must relate to the specific treatment or procedure without discretion from the nurse.
• What are the four major elements of informed consent?

  The four major elements are competence, disclosure, comprehension, and voluntarism.
• What does competence refer to in informed consent?


  Competence refers to a patient's capacity for decision-making.
• What does disclosure mean in the context of informed consent?


  Disclosure refers to the content of what a patient is told during the consent negotiation.
• What does comprehension mean in informed consent?


  Comprehension refers to whether the information given has been understood by the patient.
• What does voluntarism mean in the context of informed consent?


  Voluntarism means that the consent must be given voluntarily, without coercion.
• What is proof of consent?


  Proof of consent is a written consent signed to show the procedure consented to and the risks involved.
• Who must give consent if a patient is incompetent?

  Consent must be taken from a parent or legal guardian if the patient is incompetent.
• Who gives consent for minors?

  A parent or legally closest family member gives consent for medical treatment of a minor.
• What is the rule regarding consent for mentally ill patients?

  A mentally incompetent person cannot legally consent; consent must be taken from a parent or legal guardian.
• What happens in emergency situations regarding consent?

  No consent is necessary in emergency situations if inaction may cause greater injury.
• What is the patient's right regarding refusal to consent?

  A patient who is competent has the right to refuse medical or surgical procedures.
• What is consent to sterilization?


  Consent to sterilization is the termination of the ability to produce offspring.
• What is proxy consent?


  Proxy consent is required when an individual cannot consent due to age or lack of intellectual maturity.
• What does confidentiality mean in healthcare?


  Confidentiality means that the service user understands and does not object to the information being disclosed or shared.
• What are the key ethical principles in healthcare?

  • Privacy: Freedom from unwanted intrusion.
  • Confidentiality: Keeping patient information secret.
  • Veracity: Truth-telling and accuracy.
  • Fidelity: Loyalty and support to patients.
  • Justice: Fairness and reasonableness.
  • Beneficence: Providing positive benefits to patients.
  • Non-maleficence: Obligation not to inflict harm.
• What are the principles of double effect and legitimate cooperation?

  • Double Effect: Permissible to cause harm as a side effect of bringing about a good result.
  • Legitimate Cooperation: Avoiding actions that are not morally permissible to improve healthcare outcomes.
• What is the principle of common good and subsidiarity?


  • Common Good: Conditions allowing individuals to achieve fulfillment.
  • Subsidiarity: Supporting local communities' internal life and balancing individual rights with community needs.
• What are the principles of stewardship in nursing?

  • Stewardship: Responsibility for the care and prudent use of resources.
  • Inviolability of Human Life: Innocent life must not be purposefully taken.
• What is the Code of Ethics for Nurses focused on?

  The Code of Ethics for Nurses focuses on practicing with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity and worth of individuals.
• What is the principle of stewardship in nursing leadership?


  Stewardship is the responsibility for the care and prudent use of the property of another.