Cardiovascular system

• what is it responsible for + what it consist of

  transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste throughout the body via the blood, consists of heart, blood, blood vessels
• three major functions

  transportation of materials, protection from pathogens, and regulation of the bodys homeostasis
• Blood vessels - artery


  large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, branching into smaller vessels
• blood vessels - capillaries 


  nutrients and wastes are exchanged
• blood vessels - veins

  return blood back to the heart
• Arteries

  aorta - largest artery, provides oxygen-rich blood to organs, cells, and tissues femoral artery - provide oxygen-rich blood to lower limbs of the body subclavian artery - supplies blood to upper limbs of the body carotid artery - located in left and right side of the neck
• Veins 


  blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart (exception of pulmonary vein - carries oxygenated blood)
• veins comparison to arteries

  located further from the heart in circulatory pathway, pressure low, thinner walls, lack thin elastic layer allowing them to expand
• Capillaries


  smallest blood vessels, allow for blood to be transported from arteries to veins. main function - allow movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide through a process called gaseous exchange.
• cardiovascular circulation

  arteries/veins transport blood in 2 distinct circuits - systemic and pulmonary circuits.
• Blood


  only fluid tissue in the body. main function - transport oxygen, nutrients, wastes, horomoes around the body. maintaining and regulating body temperature.
• blood - four main components

  red + white blood cells, plasma, platelets
• red blood cells (erythrocytes)


  contain hemoglobin, and are small and flexible. Allows oxygen to bind with cells/be transported around the body from the lungs to the cells of the body.
• white blood cells (leukocytes)

  crucial to bodys defence against disease. form protective movebale colonies defend body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, foreign cells. Produced in bone marrow
• white blood cells (leukocytes)


  crucial to bodys defense against disease. form protective moveable colonies defend body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and foreign cells. Produced in bone marrow
• platelets ( thrombocytes)


  perform vital functions of blood clotting when blood vessels are ruptured or broken
• plasma


  liquid component of blood - 90% water. assists in maintaining normal blood pressure, clotting, immunity, and exchange of minerals.
• Disorders of the CV

  coronary heart disease - heart becomes hardened and narrowed high blood pressure - affects blood flow to organs congestive heart failure - hearts pumping power is weaker than normal
• structure of the heart