Populations

• What is a population?

  A group of organisms of the same species in one area at one time that can interbreed
• What is a gene pool?

  All the alleles of all the genes in a population at any one time
• What is allele frequency?

  Proportion of an allele of a gene in a gene pool
• What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state and what are the conditions under which the principles apply?

  Allele frequencies will not change from generation to generation if:

  • Population is large
  • No immigration / emigration (to introduce or remove alleles)
  • No mutations (to create new alleles)
  • No natural selection / against particular alleles
  • Mating is random
• What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

  $P^2 +$$2pq +$$q^2 =$$1$
• In the Hardy-Weinberg equation what does p stand for?

  Frequency of one dominant allele of the gene
• In the Hardy-Weinberg equation what does q stand for?


  Frequency of one recessive allele of the gene
• In the Hardy-Weinberg equation what does $p^2$ stand for?


  Frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
• In the Hardy-Weinberg equation what does $q^2$ stand for?


  Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
• In the Hardy-Weinberg equation what does 2pq stand for?

  Frequency of heterozygous genotype