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Chemistry
Redox
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Cards (30)
What does OIL RIG stand for in the context of oxidation and reduction?
Oxidation
is Loss,
Reduction
is Gain
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What occurs during a redox reaction?
One species
loses
electrons while another species
gains
electrons
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What is the general term for reactions where one species loses electrons and another gains them?
Redox Reactions
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In the reaction
2
M
g
(
s
)
+
2Mg(s) +
2
M
g
(
s
)
+
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
M
g
O
(
s
)
O_2(g) \rightarrow 2MgO(s)
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
M
g
O
(
s
)
, what happens to magnesium?
Magnesium
loses two electrons
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In the reaction
2
M
g
(
s
)
+
2Mg(s) +
2
M
g
(
s
)
+
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
M
g
O
(
s
)
O_2(g) \rightarrow 2MgO(s)
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
M
g
O
(
s
)
, what happens to oxygen?
Oxygen
gains
two
electrons
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What do half-equations illustrate in redox reactions?
They show which species is
losing
electrons and which is
gaining
electrons
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What do
oxidation
states help determine in a chemical reaction?
Which element
loses
or
gains
electrons
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What is the oxidation state based on?
Electronegativity
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What is the apparent charge that an atom has in a molecule or ion called?
Oxidation state
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In the reaction
2
H
2
(
g
)
+
2H_2(g) +
2
H
2
(
g
)
+
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
H
2
O
(
l
)
O_2(g) \rightarrow 2H_2O(l)
O
2
(
g
)
→
2
H
2
O
(
l
)
, how can we determine which element is gaining or losing electrons?
By analyzing the oxidation states of hydrogen and
oxygen
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What indicates that a species has been oxidized during a reaction?
The
oxidation number
increases or becomes more
positive
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What indicates that a species has been reduced during a reaction?
The
oxidation
number decreases or becomes more
negative
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What happens to an oxidizing agent during a redox reaction?
It is
reduced
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What happens to a reducing agent during a redox reaction?
It is
oxidized
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How should oxidation states be represented?
With the
sign
given before the number, e.g., +2 not
2+
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What is notable about oxidation numbers for transition metals and most main-group non-metals?
They can have
variable
oxidation numbers
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What is the
oxidation
state of hydrogen in metal hydrides?
1
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What is the oxidation state of
oxygen
in
peroxides
?
1
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What does the activity series rank?
Metals
according to the ease with which they undergo
oxidation
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What are the applications and skills related to redox reactions?
Deduction of
oxidation
state of an atom in an ion or compound
Deduction of the name of a
transition
metal compound from a formula
Identification of species oxidized and
reduced
, and the oxidizing and
reducing
agents
Deduction of redox reactions using
half-equations
Deduction of
feasibility
of a
redox
reaction from activity series or data
Solution of redox titration problems
Application of the
Winkler
method to calculate
BOD
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What is an oxidizing agent?
An
oxidizing
agent is the species that is
reduced.
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What are oxidizing agents also known as?
Oxidizing agents are also known as
oxidizers.
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What is a reducing agent?
A
reducing agent
is the species that gets
oxidized.
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What are reducing agents also known as?
Reducing agents are also known as
fuels.
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What are some good oxidizing agents?
O<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>3</sub>
F<sub>2</sub>
Cl
<
sub
>2</sub>
MnO
<
sub
>4</sub><sup>–</sup>
Cr
<sub>2</sub>O<sub>
7
</sub><sup>2–</sup>
HNO
<sub>
3
</sub>
H<sub
>2</sub>O<sub>
2
</sub>
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What are some good reducing agents?
Organic
compounds
Reactive
metals
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What is the key idea behind displacement reactions?
Different
metals
have
different
reactivities, allowing some metals to displace others from a solution.
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What happens when zinc metal is mixed with copper sulfate?
Zinc, being a stronger
reducing
agent than copper, will
displace
copper from the solution.
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What is a single
displacement
reaction?
A reaction where a metal acts as a
reducing
agent for another metal ion.
Example:
2 Li
(s) + Cu<sup>
2+
</sup>(aq)
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What does the Metal Reactivity Series indicate about metals higher on the series?
Metals higher on the series will
lose
electrons more readily and will be
oxidized
compared to metals lower on the series.
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