Carbohydrates are classified as one of the three main macronutrients, alongside proteins and fats.
What is the basic formula for a carbohydrate?
The basic formula for a carbohydrate is (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy.
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
The two main types of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.
What are the characteristics of simple carbohydrates?
- Made up of one (monosaccharides) or two (disaccharides) sugar molecules
- Examples: glucose, fructose (monosaccharides); sucrose, lactose (disaccharides)
- Quickly absorbed by the body, providing rapid energy
What are the characteristics of complex carbohydrates?
- Made up of long chains of sugar molecules (polysaccharides)
- Examples: starch, fiber
- Take longer to digest, providing sustained energy
What is the difference in digestion rate between simple and complex carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates are digested quickly, while complex carbohydrates take longer to digest.
How do carbohydrates help regulate blood glucose levels?
Carbohydrates help regulate blood glucose levels, which is essential for brain function and overall health.
What role do carbohydrates play in protein sparing?
When sufficient carbohydrates are available, the body doesn't need to break down proteins for energy, allowing proteins to perform their other vital functions.
What is a key function of dietary fiber, a type of complex carbohydrate?
Dietary fiber aids in digestion, promotes bowel health, and can help lower cholesterol levels.
How are excess carbohydrates stored in the body?
Excess carbohydrates can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.
What are common sources of simple carbohydrates?
- Fruits (e.g., apples, bananas, berries)
- Some vegetables (e.g., carrots, beets)
- Milk and yogurt (contain lactose)
- Table sugar, honey, syrup
- Sweets and sugary drinks