Genchem - history

• What is chemistry primarily concerned with?

  The structure and composition of matter
• What does chemistry deal with regarding matter?

  Changes that matter undergoes and the energy involved in these changes
• What are some applications of chemistry in various fields?

  • Cosmetics: Perfume, cosmetics
  • Agriculture: Pesticides, fertilizers
  • Electronics: Semiconductor, insulator
  • Medicine: Imaging, drugs, prosthesis
  • Sports: Equipment, energy drink
  • Education: Papers, ink, pens, other materials
  • Military: Guns, gunpowder, vests
  • Computer Technology: Computer chips, hardware
• What does inorganic chemistry study?

  All elements and their compounds except carbon
• What is the focus of organic chemistry?

  The study of carbon compounds, specifically hydrocarbons and their derivatives
• What does biochemistry study?

  Compounds present in living organisms and their interactions
• What is the focus of physical chemistry?

  The study of physical processes in chemical reactions
• What does analytical chemistry study?

  What and how much substance is present in a particular sample of matter
• How did ancient Babylonians view chemistry?

  As an art of brewing wine and extracting metals from ores
• What was the focus of ancient Egyptians in chemistry?

  Embalming, cosmetics, and making paper from papyrus
• How did ancient Greeks and Romans contribute to chemistry?

  By making alloys and engaging in philosophical discussions about matter
• What was the focus of chemistry during the Middle Ages?

  Alchemy, including the philosopher’s stone and elixirs for immortality
• How was chemistry viewed in the 16th century?

  As an analytical science
• Who is known for Boyle's Law?

  Robert Boyle
• What is Avogadro's contribution to chemistry?

  Avogadro’s number
• Who discovered oxygen?


  Joseph Priestly
• Who discovered hydrogen?


  Henry Cavendish
• Who is known as the Father of Modern Chemistry?

  Antoine van Lavoisier
• What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

  Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
• What is the Law of Definite Proportion?

  Compounds always contain the same proportion of elements by mass
• What did Democritus propose about matter?

  That matter is made up of small and indivisible particles called atomos
• How does inter-convertibility of matter depend on external conditions?

  It depends on pressure and temperature
• What is the macroscopic view of solids?

  Solids have a definite shape and definite volume
• What is the microscopic view of solids?

  Particles are very close to each other
• What is the macroscopic view of liquids?

  Liquids have an indefinite shape but a definite volume
• What is the microscopic view of liquids?

  Particles are slightly loose and have a weak force of attraction
• What is the macroscopic view of gases?

  Gases have an indefinite shape and indefinite volume
• What is the microscopic view of gases?

  Particles are very far from each other
• What are the physical properties of matter?

  • Extensive/Extrinsic Physical Properties: Not constant and change with the amount of matter (shape, size, length, mass, volume)
  • Intensive/Intrinsic Physical Properties: Constant regardless of the amount of matter (boiling point, melting point, density, color, odor, texture)
• What are the chemical properties of matter?

  • Tend to change the identity of matter
  • Examples:
  • Flammability
  • Ability to change color upon exposure to air
  • Ability to form bubbles when heated
• What is an example of an extensive physical property?


  Mass
• What is an example of an intensive physical property?


  Boiling point
• How do chemical properties differ from physical properties?

  Chemical properties tend to change the identity of matter, while physical properties do not
• What is flammability an example of?

  A chemical property of matter