Science technology and nation building

• What are the main historical periods of science and technology in the Philippines mentioned in the study material?

  • Pre-Spanish Philippines
  • Spanish Period (1521-1898)
  • American Period (1898-1946)
  • The New Republic
• What is the time frame of the Metal Age in the Philippines?

  3200 – 1 BCE
• What is the time frame of the Iron Age in the Philippines?

  700 – 1 BCE
• What is the time frame of the Bronze Age in the Philippines?

  2300 – 700 BCE
• What is the time frame of the Copper Age in the Philippines?

  3200 – 2300 BCE
• What were some contributions of the Spanish period to education in the Philippines?


  • Established schools for boys and girls
  • Introduced the concept of subjects and disciplines
  • Focused on basic sciences
  • Introduced medicine and advanced sciences to colleges and universities
• Why was the growth of science and technology halted during the Spanish era?

  Due to the prevalence of superstitions
• What were the key features of the American period in terms of science and technology in the Philippines?

  • Established a public education system
  • Improved engineering and health conditions
  • Introduced the concept of research and research institutions
  • Made science a subject in education
• What is tuberculosis (TB) primarily known for affecting?

  The lungs
• How is tuberculosis spread?

  Through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes
• What are the two types of tuberculosis mentioned in the study material?

  • Latent TB: Inactive state, not contagious
  • Active TB: Causes illness and can spread to others
• What are some symptoms of active tuberculosis?

  Symptoms include coughing lasting three weeks or more, coughing up blood, chest pain, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, and loss of appetite
• What is malaria primarily transmitted through?

  The bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito
• What happens to the Plasmodium parasite after it enters the bloodstream from a mosquito bite?

  It travels to the liver to mature before entering the bloodstream and infecting red blood cells
• What is cholera caused by?

  Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae
• What are the consequences of untreated cholera?


  Severe watery diarrhea leading to dehydration and potentially death
• Who became the inaugural president of the Malolos Republic?

  Emilio Aguinaldo
• What is the goal of human resources development in the context of science and technology in the Philippines?

  • Improve scientific productivity
  • Enhance technological capability
• What is the goal of government policies on science and technology in the Philippines?

  • Prepare the country for a technologically driven world
  • Capacitate people to live in a science-driven world
• What was the response of the Philippine government to the ASEAN 2015 agenda?

  • Sought expertise from NRCP to consult various sectors
  • Studied how the Philippines can prepare for ASEAN 2015 goals
• What was the Human Genome Project?

  • A research effort to sequence the entire set of human genes
  • Aimed to understand their functions
• Who headed the Human Genome Project at the National Institutes of Health?


  Dr. Frances Collins
• What are some physical symptoms of Down syndrome?


  • Almond-shaped eyes
  • Flatter faces, especially the nose
  • Small ears that may fold over
  • Tiny white spots in the colored part of the eyes
  • A tongue that sticks out of the mouth
• What is the significance of the year 2000 in relation to the Human Genome Project?

  The sequencing of the entire human genome was completed, covering all 3 billion nucleotides.
• What is the purpose of promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous peoples' conservation?

  To preserve and enhance local knowledge and practices related to science and technology.
• What are some existing programs supported by the Philippine government through DOST?

  • Funds for basic research and patents
  • Scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies
  • Establishment of PSHSS to train young Filipinos
  • Creating S&T parks for partnerships
  • Balik Scientist Program
  • Establishment of National Science Complex and National Engineering Complex
• What is the aim of the CHED initiative Phil-California Advanced Research Institutes (PICARI)?

  • To strengthen STEM competitiveness
  • To allow collaboration between Philippine and US-based research institutions
• What is the role of the Philippine Congress in relation to science and technology?

  • Created various laws related to S&T
  • Ensured alignment with international treaties
• What is the current need in the Philippines regarding scientists and engineers?

  There is a need for more scientists and engineers and support for scientific research.
• Ramon Barba

  Tissue culture of mangoes
• Josefino C. Comiso


  Sataellite images of antractica
• Jose Bejar Cruz


  field of electrical engineering
• Lourdes Jansoy Cruz


  Sea snail venom
• Fabian millar dayrit

  herbal medicine
• Rafael Dineros Guerero

  Tilapia culture
• Enrique Mapua Ostrea

  Meconium drug testing
• Lilian FOrmalejo Patena

  Plant biotechnology
• Mari-jo panganiban ruiz

  outstanding educator and graph theorist
• Gregory Ligot Tangonan


  Communication technology
• Caesar Saloma


  Renowned International physicist