atomic structure and the periodic table

• What are all substances made from?

  Tiny particles called atoms
• What is an atom?

  The smallest part of an element that can exist
• How are atoms of each element represented?

  By their own chemical symbol
• What are the rules for writing a chemical symbol?

  • Consists of one or two letters
  • Always starts with a capital letter
  • Any other letter is in lowercase
• How many different elements are there?

  Over 100 different elements
• Where are the names and symbols of the elements shown?

  In the periodic table
• How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

  Into groups with similar properties
• How are groups in the periodic table numbered?

  From 1 to 7, then 0
• Where are metals located in the periodic table?

  On the left of the stepped line
• Where are non-metals located in the periodic table?

  On the right of the stepped line
• What are some examples of elements in the periodic table?

  • Helium (He)
  • Lithium (Li)
  • Beryllium (Be)
  • Boron (B)
  • Carbon (C)
  • Neon (Ne)
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Magnesium (Mg)
• What is unique about some non-metal elements in terms of their structure?

  They exist as molecules made up of two atoms joined together
• How is the formula of non-metal elements that exist as molecules represented?

  By the element's symbol followed by a subscripted 2
• Molecule

  A group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together
• Group 1 Elements

  Alkali Metals: Highly reactive, low atomization energy, ns1 electron configuration
• Group 2 Elements

  Alkaline Earth Metals: Less reactive than Group 1, ns2 electron configuration, moderate physical properties
• Group 4 Elements

  Carbon Group: Low reactivity, ns2 np2 electron configuration, high physical properties
• Group 3 Elements

  Scandium Group: Low reactivity, ns2 np1 electron configuration, high physical properties
• Group 6 Elements

  Chalcogens: Highly reactive, ns2 np4 electron configuration, moderate physical properties
• Group 7 Elements

  Halogens: Highly reactive, ns2 np5 electron configuration, low physical properties
• Group 0 Elements

  Noble Gases: Unreactive, full outer energy level, noble physical properties
• isotopes are atoms with different numbers of neutrons but same amount of protons
• the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons
• the number of neutrons is shown by the mass number minus the atomic number
• atomic number is the number of protons
• mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
• name the mnemonic to remeber the non metal elements that exist as molecules

  I Bring Clay For Our New House
• name the non metal elements that exist as molecules (I Bring Clay For Our New House)

  iodine

  bromine

  chlorine

  fluorine

  oxygen

  nitrogen

  hydrogen
• What is a compound in chemistry?

  A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined.
• What does the number in a chemical formula indicate?

  The number in a formula shows if there is more than one atom of an element, indicated by a subscript.
• What is the formula for sodium chloride?

  NaCl
• What is the formula for potassium bromide?

  KBr
• What is the formula for magnesium iodide?

  MgI₂
• What is the formula for carbon dioxide?

  CO₂
• What is the formula for carbon monoxide?

  CO
• What is the formula for sulfur trioxide?

  SO₃
• What is the formula for water?

  H₂O
• what happens in a chemical reaction

  one or more new substances are formed
• what’s a ion

  a charged particle formed when an atom looses or gains an electron
• Ionic Compound


  A type of chemical compound formed when one or more ions are attracted to each other