L3 | CELL ORGANELLES

• CELLS

  • smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
• CELL contains organic and inorganic substance that makes it capable to perform life functions
• PROKARYOTIC

  • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
  • Few internal structures 
  • One-celled organisms
  • Bacteria
• EUKARYOTIC

  • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes 
  • Most living organisms
• 3 BASIC PARTS OF A CELL

  1. Cell membrane
  2. nucleus
  3. cytoplasm
• CELL ORGANELLES SURROUNDING THE CELL

  1. cell membrane
  2. cell wall
• CELL MEMBRANE

  • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
  • Double layer
  • “Gate”
  • Flexibility 
  • A: Members only can come and go
• CELL WALL

  • Most commonly found in plant cells and bacteria
  • Supports and protects cells
  • Ridged outer layer of a plant cell
  • A: Brick Wall
• NUCLEUS

  • Directs cell activities
  • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
  • Contains genetic material (keeps our chromosomes) – DNA
  • Control center of the cell; contains DNA
  • A: Control center
• CHROMATIN

  • Tiny strands inside the nucleus that contain the instructions for directing the cell’s functions
  • A: “tin” of information
• NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

  • Porous structure surrounds the nucleus, keeping it intact
  • Made of two layers
  • opening allow material to enter and leave nucleus
  • Compose of nuclear pore
• CHROMOSOMES

  • In nucleus
  • Made of DNA; storage area for all genetic information
  • Contains instructions for traits and characteristics and for making proteins and other important molecules
• NUCLEOLUS

  • Inside nucleus
  • Contains RNA to build proteins
  • Manufacture the ribosomal subunits.
  • Produces ribosome
  • A: Little nucleus
• NUCLEOPLASM

  • Gel-like mixture
  • Surrounded by nuclear membrane
• CYTOPLASM

  • Gel-like mixture
  • Surrounded by cell membrane
  • Contains hereditary material
  • Where organelles are found
  • Exists outside the nucleus.
  • A: Sail through my plasma
• CYTOSKELETON

  • Consist of two types of fibers called microfilaments and microtubules.
• ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  • Moves materials around in cell
  • Has passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
  • A: Highway or Transporter
• SMOOTH ER

  • Place where lipids are manufactured 
  • Without ribosome
• ROUGH ER

  • With ribosome
• SMOOTH AND ROUGH ER

  • Internal membrane system that is so extensive that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in a cell
  • Membrane that connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane 
• RIBOSOME

  • Each cell contains thousand
  • Make proteins
  • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell
  • Assembles amino acids to create proteins 
  • Site of protein synthesis
  • Most numerous
  • A: protein factory
• GOLGI BODIES

  • ABC: apparatus, bodies, complex
  • Protein “packaging plant”
  • Move materials within and out of the cells
  • Receives proteins and materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them.
  • Newly formed proteins leave the rough ER, and are transported to this, where the proteins are sorted and packaged. 
  • A: packaging center / warehouse
• MITOCHONDRIA

  • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
  • Controls level of water and other materials in cell 
  • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
  • A: power house
• LYSOSOME

  • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
  • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
  • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
  • Contains digestive enzyme
  • Ability to collect materials inside the cell and start to digest it.
  • Use chemical to break down food and worn out cell parts
  • Surrounded by a thick outer membrane to protect the rest of the cell from its strong enzymes.
  • Contains strong enzymes to break down proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cells.
  • A: cleaner 
• VACUOLES

  • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
  • Contains water solution
  • Help plants maintain shape
  • Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
  • A: storage box
• CHLOROPLASTS

  • Usually found in plant cells
  • Food factory of plant cells
  • Contains green chlorophyll
  • photosynthesis takes place
  • Captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food in a plant cells
  • A: make me something sweet to eat
• CILIA

  • Hair-like structure
  • Slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body
  • Sweep food materials
• FLAGELLA

  • whip-like structure
  • Lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body
• cell membrane

  
• cell wall

  
• nucleolus

  
• chromosomes

  
• endoplasmic reticulum

  
• ribosomes

  
• golgi bodies

  
• mitochondria

  
• lysosome

  
• vacuoles

  
• chloroplast

  
• cillia