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Cards (214)

  • Renaissance: A period of cultural and intellectual awakening in Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries. Where new ideas and discoveries were made.
  • In the 8th century Islamic people invaded Spain but the Spanish recovered it.
  • Isabella and Ferdinand sent christopher Columbus to find a new route to the spice islands to show new leadership and power for catholic europeans.
  • Europe in the 15th century: small kingdoms uniting like the HRE, France, Spain, and Italy and big empires breaking up like the Ottoman Empire.
  • The french and the English took longer to colonize the Americas then the spanish and Portuguese.
  • Feudalism: the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labour, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
  • Columbian Exchange: The movement of people, plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world.
  • Capitalism: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
  • Stock joint company was used in the colonizing period to make investments.
  • Batolome de las casas made the new laws of 1542 in Spain to end Indian slavery.
  • What was the time period of the French and Indian War?

    1754-1763
  • What was the primary conflict in the French and Indian War?

    It was a conflict between British colonists and French forces.
  • How did the French and Indian War impact colonial expansion?

    It significantly impacted colonial expansion and relations with Native Americans.
  • What were the highlights of the French and Indian War?

    • British vs. French conflict with Native American alliances
    • Part of the larger Seven Years’ War
    • Territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley
    • Albany Congress organized defense strategies
    • British policies fueled colonial resentment
    • Peace of Paris reshaped North American territorial control
    • War doubled Britain’s national debt
    • Complex alliances with American Indians
    • Foundations of unity among colonies
    • Proclamation Line of 1763 limited colonial expansion
    • Long-term consequences set the stage for the American Revolution
    • Shift in power dynamics with increased tensions with Native Americans
    • Growing sense of American identity
    • Catalyst for revolution due to taxation and restrictions
  • What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?

    It was an attempt by the British to limit colonial expansion.
  • What was the financial impact of the French and Indian War on Britain?

    The war doubled Britain’s national debt.
  • How did the French and Indian War contribute to colonial identity?

    It contributed to a growing sense of American identity among colonists.
  • What philosophical ideas influenced the American Revolution?

    Enlightenment ideas shifted colonial attitudes toward government and liberty.
  • Who advocated for government by consent and natural rights?
    John Locke
  • What did Rousseau’s social contract emphasize?

    It emphasized the relationship between individuals and government based on consent.
  • What did Montesquieu propose regarding government structure?

    He proposed a separation of powers within government.
  • What was the significance of Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”?

    It popularized ideas of independence among everyday colonists.
  • How did the Declaration of Independence reflect Enlightenment principles?

    It enshrined Enlightenment principles, marking a break from Britain.
  • How did the Great Awakening impact colonial attitudes?

    It encouraged a sense of individual rights and self-determination.
  • What were the two types of revolutions mentioned in the American Revolution context?

    Revolutions that change and those that don’t.
  • What was the outcome of the American Revolution regarding elite power?

    The revolution resulted in a shift from British rule to American elite control.
  • What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence in terms of revolutionary ideas?

    It introduced powerful revolutionary ideas about equality.
  • What were the key highlights of the U.S. Constitution's creation?
    • Second attempt at American government after the Articles of Confederation
    • Compromises made to create a functional government structure
    • Articles of Confederation lacked an executive branch and power to tax
    • Great Compromise established a bicameral legislature
    • Three-Fifths Compromise counted slaves as three-fifths of a person
    • Ratification debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists
    • Inclusion of the Bill of Rights as a compromise
  • What was the main flaw of the Articles of Confederation?

    It lacked an executive branch and the power to tax.
  • What was the Great Compromise?

    It established a bicameral legislature to balance representation.
  • What did the Three-Fifths Compromise entail?

    Slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for representation.
  • What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

    To address concerns about individual liberties.
  • Who established executive departments and a cabinet for governance?
    George Washington
  • What was Hamilton’s National Bank intended to do?

    It unified states and improved U.S. credit.
  • What was the significance of Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality?
    It kept the U.S. out of the French Revolution.
  • What did the Whiskey Rebellion test?

    It tested federal authority and showcased the Constitution’s effectiveness.
  • What political rivalry emerged during Washington and Adams' presidencies?

    The emergence of Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
  • What was the XYZ Affair during Adams' presidency?

    It involved diplomatic tensions with France.
  • What marked a significant political shift in 1800?

    Jefferson’s election ended the Adams presidency.
  • What were the highlights of the development of American identity from 1754-1800?
    • Expansion of women’s roles through Republican Motherhood
    • Increased education for women
    • Art reflected American identity (e.g., Peale, Trumbull)
    • Literature shaped industrious American values (e.g., Franklin’s Almanack)
    • Jefferson’s Virginia Statute established religious freedom
    • Diminished influence of Native American women
    • Early republic architecture inspired by classical European styles