WEATHERING

• Types of Weathering

  1. Mechanical/Physical weathering
  2. ice wedging or frostaction
  3. wetting and drying
  4. roots of plants
  5. burrowing animals
  6. sheet joining
  7. chemical weathering
  8. hydrolosis
  9. oxidation
  10. carbonation
  11. rainwater
• Weathering - one of the processes that breakdown the rock due to the exposure to the atmosphere
• Weathering can be classified as Mechanical or Chemical
• mechanical or physical weathering - occurs when a rock splits or breaks into smaller pieces of the same material without changing its composition
• ice wedging or frostaction - occurs because of the property of water that causes it to expand when frozen
• wetting and drying - takes place in rocks rich in shale and mudstone
• roots of plants - may also cause mechanical weathering. roots of plants grow into cracks in rocks
• burrowing animals - can dig holes in the soil, which allow wind and water to reach the bedrock and weather it
• sheet joining - occurs by expansion of the rock body itself
• chemical weathering - also known as decomposition, involves the complex processes that change the rock's minerals into different substances
• hydrolysis - is the process of chemical union of water and minerals
• oxidation - happens between the reaction of oxygen and other substances
• carbonation - occurs when carbonic acid reacts with minerals making up rocks
• rainwater - has become acidic because it dissolves carbon dioxide from the air
• erosion - the removal and transport of earth materials by natural agents
• deposition - process in which sediment moved by agents of erosion is dropped and comes to rest
• glaciers - masses of ice that move slowly under the influence of gravity
• volcanic eruptions - primary natural disasters noted for erosion
• earthquakes - the massive movement of rock and friction between plates that can wear away and transport materials to a nwe location
• types of earthquake

  1. convergent
  2. divergent
  3. transform boundary
• gravity - pulls rock and soil down slopes
• tornadoes and hurricanes - accelerate the effects that wind and water have on land forms. could be included with wind and water erosion
• wind - one of the primary agents of erosion
• wind can erode by:

  1. abrasion
  2. deflation
  3. deposition
• blowouts - hollows are formed where all of the loose rock particles have been carried away
• two main types of water erosion

  1. Streams
  2. waves
• stream erosion - can carry and deposit material
• 3 different ways that water removes weathered chemicals

  1. solution
  2. suspension
  3. bed load
• philippines - one of the countries in southeast asia endowed with rich natural resources
• hazard - natural events that can cause harm or adverse health effects to people and their property
• natural hazards can be classified by physical process:

  1. geological hazards
  2. hydro-meteorological hazards
  3. coastal processes hazards
• in the process of breaking, vibrations called seismic waves are generated
• earthquake - vibration, sometimes violent, of the earth's surface that follows a release of energy in the Earth's crust
• PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• Tropical Cyclones or typhoons - are violent storms that begin in the tropics
• tropical cyclone classifications

  1. tropical depression
  2. tropical storm
  3. severe tropical storm
  4. typhoon or hurricane
  5. super typhoon
• tropical depression - 61km/h
• tropical storm - 62-88 km/h
• severe tropical storm - 89-117km/h