Gcse

• Isometric contraction involves a muscle producing tension but staying the same length, occurring when the body is fixed in one position.
• isotonic contraction happen when a muscle contracts and changes length
• concentric contraction involves a muscle shortening
• eccentric contraction involves muscle lengthening under contraction
• bursae - a sac filled with fluid floating inside the joint to reduce friction
• cartilage - a tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer
• tendon - very strong non elastic cord that joins muscle to bone
• ligaments - bands of elastic fibre that attach bone to bone keeping the joint stable by restricting movement
• pulmonary circuit - carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back
• systemic circuit - blood to the body then back to the heart
• stroke volume - amount of blood that gets pushed out in one beat
• cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate (ml/min)
• Inhalation (inspiration) - the intake of air into the lungs
• to lungs pulmonary artery
• to body the aorta
• vena cava brings in the unoxygenated blood from the body
• pulmonary vein oxygenated blood from lungs back to the heart
• Fatigue - A feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness and it can result in temporary loss of strength and energy.