covalent bonding

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    Created by
    The Alpha Wolf

    Cards (17)

    • DOT AND CROSS DIAGRAMS
      In these diagrams you only need to show the OUTER SHELL.
      • To represent atoms SHARING ELECTRONS, it has OVERLAPPING shells where the shared electrons are drawn.
    • DISPLAYED FORMULA:
      These are simplified diagrams that use LINES to represent COVALENT BONDS.
    • covalent diagrams
      A) hydrogen
      B) H-H
    • Covalent diagrams:
      A) chlorine
      B) Cl-Cl
    • covalent diagrams:
      A) oxygen
      B) O=O
    • covalent diagrams:
      A) nitrogen
      B) N≡N
    • covalent diagrams:
      A) hydrogen chloride
      B) H-Cl
    • covalent diagrams:
      A) water
      B) H-O-H
    • covalent diagrams:
      A) ammonia
      B) H-N-H
      C) H
    • covalent diagrams:
      A) methane
      B) H
      C) H-C-H
      D) H
    • 3D MODELS:
      To know the MOLECULAR FORMULA of a compound, count the number of each type of atom present in the molecule using any representation.
      • As there are 3 HYDROGEN atoms and 1 NITROGEN atom, this molecule has a formula of NH3.
    • limitations of ball and stick model:
      • not to scale
      • not 3D
      • atoms are separated
      • electrons / shells not shown
    • limitations of dots and cross diagrams:
      • does not show the shape
      • only 2D
    • It's CH4O
    • Because there are no gaps / sticks between the potassium ions and sulfide ions.
    • Covalent Bonding
      It occurs between non-metallic atoms, to form Simple molecular compounds.
      • It involves atoms SHARING pairs of electrons, so that the atoms can achieve a FULL OUTER SHELL and become STABLE.
      • They form because the positively charged NUCLEI are attracted to the shared pairs of ELECTRONS by ELECTROSTATIC FORCES.
    • In a water molecule, the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are held together by covalent bonds:
      • Each hydrogen atom requires 1 extra electron to complete its outer shell & wants to form 1 covalent bond.
      • While, each oxygen atom requires 2 more electrons & wants to form 2 covalent bonds. 
      Meaning water molecules will be made from 2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom, so that all the atoms obtain full outer shells.