L2 MECHANISM OF GAS EXCHANGE

• Respiration


  Overall exchange of gases (how the body gets oxygen and gets rid

  of carbon dioxide) between the atmosphere, the blood, and the cells
• ventilation, external respiration, interal respiration, cellular respiration


  4 phases of respiration
• breathing or ventilation


  The act of taking air in (inspiration) and out of the lungs

  (expiration)
• external respiration


  the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood within the lungs
• internal respiration


  the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body cells
• cellular respiration


  the process of using oxygen to break down sugar in food,

  producing energy (ATP) in cells, and releasing carbon dioxide as

  a waste product
• integumentary exchange or cutaneous respiration

  • occurs through skin.
  • Earthworms utilize this system.
• Gills


  allow for exchange of gases underwater by extracting dissolved oxygen in water and releasing carbon dioxide
• tracheal system


  
  

  • Air enters through external openings called spiracles into a network of tracheal tube where gas exchange take place.
  • Used by insects
• lungs


  found in land animals, where gas exchange occurs