Non-communicable diseases

• Health is the state of mental and physical well-being
• Two causes of ill health are communicableand non-communicable diseases.
• Communicable diseases can be transferred between people.

  Non-communicable diseases can't be transferred between people.
• Diet, stress, exercise and life events can also affect health.
• if you have a weak immune system, you're more likely to catch infectious diseases.
• Pathogens are microorganisms that cause communicable diseases
• Some cancers can also be caused by viruses living in cells
• serious physical health problems can bring on mental illnessessuch as depression
• Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease
• The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
• If the insides of coronary arteries build up with fatty material, they become narrower.

  This lowers the amount of blood that can travel through the coronary arteries. As a result, less oxygen reaches the heart.

  This is called coronary heart disease.
• Coronary heart disease causes the heart to receive less oxygen than normal.
• Coronary heart disease can lead to heart attacks or heart failure.
• Coronary heart disease is treated with stents and statins
• Statins are drugs that reduce thecholesterol in the blood.

  As a result, less fatty material builds up in the coronary arteries.
• One disadvantage of statins is that they may cause side effects.

  Another disadvantage is that patients have to take statins for the rest of their lives.
• Stents are tubes used to hold the coronary arteries open.

  Stents are a long term solution, as they last for a long time.
• A disadvantage of stents is that sometimes the operation to put them in can havecomplications.
• Valves make sure the blood flows the right way around the heart.
• Heart valves can be replaced with artificial (mechanical) valves.

  They can also be replaced bybiological valves.

  Biological valves are taken from a humandonor or from an animal’s heart.