Lec 7

• What is the definition of blood donation?

  Blood donation is the process by which blood is drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications.
• What are the types of blood donors?

  • Unpaid donors (volunteers)
  • Paid donors (rare)
  • Relative donors
• What is an allogeneic blood donation?

  An allogeneic donation is when a donor gives blood for storage at a blood bank for transfusion to an unknown recipient.
• What is a directed donation?

  A directed donation is when a person donates blood for transfusion to a specific individual, often a family member.
• What is a replacement donor donation?

  A replacement donor donation is when a friend or family member of the recipient donates blood to replace the stored blood used in a transfusion.
• What is an autologous donation?

  An autologous donation is when a person has blood stored that will be transfused back to them at a later date.
• What is a therapeutic donation?

  A therapeutic donation is used to treat conditions such as hemochromatosis or polycythemia vera.
• What are the criteria for the selection of blood donors?

  • Age group: 16 to 60 years
  • Minimum weight: 45 kilograms
  • Normal temperature and pulse
  • Normal blood pressure without medication
  • Hemoglobin level: at least 12.5 grams
  • Free from acute respiratory diseases
  • Free from skin diseases at the phlebotomy site
  • Free from diseases transmissible by blood transfusion
  • Arms and forearms free from skin punctures or scars
• What is the age requirement for blood donors?

  The donor shall be in the age group of 16 to 60 years.
• What is the minimum weight requirement for blood donors?

  The donor shall not be less than 45 kilograms.
• What are the normal health indicators required for blood donation?

  The temperature and pulse of the donor shall be normal, and blood pressures must be within normal limits without medication.
• What is the minimum hemoglobin level required for blood donors?

  The hemoglobin level shall not be less than 12.5 grams.
• What diseases must donors be free from to donate blood?

  The donor shall be free from acute respiratory diseases and any diseases transmissible by blood transfusion.
• What is the procedure for blood donation deferment?

  No person shall donate blood before the expiry period of deferment mentioned by the blood bank.
• What are the steps of blood donation?

  1. Medical view
  2. Determination of hemoglobin, ABO, and Rh group system
  3. Phlebotomy
  4. Blood testing
• What are the two main methods of obtaining blood from a donor?

  The two main methods are whole blood collection and apheresis.
• What is the typical volume of a blood donation?

  A typical donation is 450 milliliters of whole blood.
• What is apheresis in blood donation?

  Apheresis is a process where blood is drawn, separated using a centrifuge or filter, and the desired part is stored while the rest is returned to the donor.
• Where is blood typically drawn from during donation?

  Blood is drawn from a large arm vein, usually the median cubital vein on the inside of the elbow.
• What antiseptic is commonly used to clean the skin before blood donation?

  The skin over the blood vessel is cleaned with an antiseptic such as iodine.
• How long does it typically take to fill the blood bag during donation?

  It takes about 15 minutes until the bag is filled.
• What should be done with the blood after collection?

  The anticoagulant should be mixed 1-2 times with the blood, and the bag should be labeled with the same number as the blood container.
• At what temperature should collected blood be stored until tested?

  Collected blood should be kept in the refrigerator at 4 degrees Celsius until tested.
• Why are donors kept at the donation site for 10-15 minutes after donating?

  Donors are kept at the donation site for 10-15 minutes because most adverse reactions take place during or immediately after the donation.
• What should donors avoid during and after blood collection?

  Donors should avoid dehydration during and after the blood collection.
• How long does it take for donated plasma to be replaced?

  Donated plasma is replaced after 2-3 days.
• How long does it take for red blood cells to be replaced in healthy adult males?

  Red blood cells are replaced on average in 36 days.
• What is the recommended range for recovery time of red blood cells?

  The recommended range for recovery is 20 to 59 days.
• What are the donor reactions during blood donation and appropriate treatments?

  • Common reactions: dizziness, fainting, nausea
  • Treatments: lying down, hydration, monitoring vital signs