Lec 8 2

• What is whole blood?

  One unit of donor blood collected in a suitable anticoagulant-preservative solution containing blood cells and plasma.
• What are blood components?

  A constituent separated from whole blood by differential centrifugation of one donor unit or by apheresis.
• What are blood derivatives?

  A product obtained from multiple donor units of plasma by fractionation.
• What are the main types of blood products?

  • Whole blood
  • Blood components
  • Blood derivatives
• What is the hematocrit range for whole blood?

  35–45%
• What is the hemoglobin level in whole blood?

  12.5 g/dl
• Why does whole blood contain no functionally effective platelets?

  Because it has no labile coagulation factors.
• What is the storage temperature for whole blood?

  2–6°C
• What is the shelf-life of whole blood in CPDA-1?

  35 days
• What is the indication for using whole blood?

  Acute massive blood loss, exchange transfusion, or non-availability of packed red cells.
• What is a risk associated with whole blood transfusion?

  Volume overload in patients with chronic anemia and compromised cardiovascular function.
• How soon should blood be processed for component separation?

  Within 6 hours.
• What are the types of blood components?

  • Packed red cells
  • Red cells in additive solution
  • Leucocyte-poor red cells
  • Washed red cells
  • Frozen red cells
  • Irradiated red cells
  • Platelet concentrate
  • Granulocyte concentrate
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
  • Cryoprecipitate
• What are packed red cells prepared from?

  By removing most of the plasma from one unit of whole blood.
• What is the main indication for packed red cells?

  Replacement of red cells in anemia.
• What is the common additive solution used for red cells?

  SAGM (saline, adenine, glucose, and mannitol).
• What is the purpose of leucocyte-poor red cells?

  To avoid sensitization to HLA antigens and reduce the risk of CMV transmission.
• What is the definition of leucocyte-depleted red cells?

  Red cells that contain less than $5 \times 10^6$ white cells per bag.
• How are leucocyte-poor red cells obtained?

  By passing blood through a special leucocyte-depletion filter at the time of transfusion.
• What is the use of washed red cells?

  Restricted for IgA-deficient individuals who have developed anti-IgA antibodies.
• How long can red cells be stored frozen?

  Up to 10 years.
• What is added to red cells to prevent hemolysis during freezing?

  A cryoprotective agent such as glycerol.
• Why are gamma-irradiated red cells transfused?

  To prevent graft-versus-host disease in susceptible individuals.
• What are the two methods for obtaining platelets?

  Differential centrifugation of a unit of whole blood or plateletpheresis.
• Why are granulocyte concentrates rarely used?

  Most infections can be effectively controlled by appropriate antibiotic therapy.
• What is the indication for administration of granulocyte concentrates?

  In a patient with severe neutropenia with documented bacterial or fungal infection not responding to appropriate antibiotic therapy.
• What are the important plasma components?

  • Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
  • Cryoprecipitate
• How is Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) prepared?

  By separating plasma from whole blood by centrifugation and rapidly freezing it.
• What is the storage temperature for FFP?

  Below –25°C.
• What is the shelf-life of FFP if stored properly?

  1 year.
• What are the indications for FFP?

  Deficiency of multiple coagulation factors, inherited deficiency of a coagulation factor for which no specific concentrate is available.
• How is cryoprecipitate prepared?

  By slowly thawing 1 unit of FFP at 4° to 6°C.
• What does cryoprecipitate contain?

  F VIII, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, F XIII, and fibronectin.
• What are the indications for cryoprecipitate?

  Treatment of F VIII deficiency, von Willebrand disease, F XIII deficiency, and hypofibrinogenemia.
• What are blood derivatives?

  • Manufactured by fractionation of large pools of human plasma.
  • Includes:

  1. F VIII concentrate
  2. F IX concentrate
  3. Immunoglobulins