How have patterns of power changed over time?

• Soft power


  Use attraction and persuasion to change minds and influence behaviour

  -Culture, political values and positive global engagement
• Hard power 


  exercise of influence through coercion

  -military force payments and economic sanctions
• Multi Polar world


  Many different powers in the world
• Change of power over the world

  1700-1945 multipolar (britian, europe, USA)

  1946-1991 bipolar (USSR, USA)

  1991-current unipolar (USA)

  future more complex multipolar (BRICS?)
• 1700-1945 multipolar


  Multipolar colonial empires

  Social Darwinism

  Exploiting resources and trade routes
• Why did the multipolar world change?

  Empires declined after World War I as resources were exhausted and countries lost money

  -Colonies were encouraged to independence
• 1991 unipolar world


  USSR disbanding

  Gorbachev (ruler of russi, more left wing)

  glasnost- free speech

  perestroik- small business set up

  1989 Poland got independence
• superpower


  A nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant world force
• Hyperpower


  An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power

  • Political
  • Economic
  • Cultural
  • Military

  e.g USA 1990-2010

  BRITIAN 1850-2010
• Power transition


  Change of power amongst states
• Power diffusion


  Power moving from all states to nonstate players
• Power transition- recover/return of Asia

  1800 -> half of population in Asia + half of worlds product produced

  1900 -> half of population in Asia but only a fifth of the worlds product produced

  • The industrial revolution men most of the products shifted its manufactured to the west

  21st century -> gradual shift back to half of the population in Asia and half of the worlds products produced
• Power


  The ability to affect others to get the outcome you want
• What is the best type of power?

  A mix of soft and hard power
• Hegemony 


  having an influence/ control because of strong culture (soft power)
• Neocolonialism


  ‘New colonialism’ helping not taking over- giving aid