Research with Romanian Orphans

• What type of study was RUTTER'S ERA study?

  Longitudinal
• What did RUTTER'S ERA study find regarding the effects of adoption based on age?

  It found differences in effects depending on the age of adoption.
• What was the mean IQ for children adopted before 6 months?

  102
• What was the mean IQ for children adopted between 6 months and 2 years?

  86
• What was the mean IQ for children adopted after 2 years?


  77
• What does the study suggest about delayed intellectual development?

  It suggests that delayed intellectual development is more likely if children spent longer in an institution.
• What is disinhibited attachment?


  It is characterized by altering seeking and clinginess to all adults.
• In which group was disinhibited attachment most common?

  In the late adopted group.
• What percentage of children adopted after 2 years showed disinhibited attachment at age 11?

  Over 50%
• What was the focus of the ZEANAH Bucharest early intervention project?


  It compared children who had lived in institutions with those who hadn't.
• What percentage of the control group in the ZEANAH study were securely attached?


  74%
• What percentage of the institutional group in the ZEANAH study were securely attached?


  19%
• What type of attachment were children in the institutional group more likely to show?

  Disorganized attachment, which is a mix of resistant and avoidant attachment.
• What general finding has been observed in research regarding the effects of institutionalization?


  • The effects of institutionalization can be overcome with:
  • Sensitive care
  • Nurturing care