Macronutrients

• There are two main types of carbohydrates that provide dietary energy 


  Starch and sugars

  dietary fibre is also a type of carbohydrate
• starchy carbohydrate is an important source of?

  energy
• one gram of carbohydrate provides

  3.75kcal /16KJ energy
• one gram of fibre provides

  2kcal /8KJ energy
• all types of carbohydrate are compounds of

  carbon , hydrogen and oxygen
• in fruit and veg there are sugars called

  intrinsic sugars
• some sugars are with in a cellular structure e.g fruit and veg these are called

  intrinsic sugars
• other sugars are not bound into the cellular structure e.g milk or honey

  These are called extrinsic sugars
• protein is essential for growth and repair and keeping cells healthy protein can also provide energy

  1 gram of protein provides 4kcal / 17KJ
• protein is made up of building blocks called

  amino acids
• protein from animal sources e.g fish ,eggs and dairy products contains 


  the fall range of essential amino acids needed by the body
• protein from plant sources e.g pulses and cereals

  typically contain fewer essential amino acids
• Eating different types of protein can ensure sufficient

  Intake of essential amino acids which are needed by the body
• fat is important for

  essential fatty acids the body cannot make
• fat provides a concentrated source of energy:

  1 gram of fat provides 9kcal 37KJ of energy
• fat is made up of different types of

  fatty acids and glycerol
• fatty acids are usually classified as:

  saturated , monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
• there is strong evidence that replacing saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids reduces the risk of

  CVD events and can help lower cholesterol
• All foods provide different types of fatty acids in varying proportions

  Butter (animal fat ) described as a saturated fat as it has more saturated fatty acids than unsaturated
• most vegetable oils are described as

  unsaturated fat as they have more mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids than saturated
• most saturated fats

  are solid at room temp and tend to come from animal sources
• oily fish 


  is also high in long chain omega-3 fatty acids