1. Killing

• The killing can take place from an act or omission.
• Contractual duty to act


  R v Pittwood
• Duty to act from a relationship of dependency


  R v Gibbins and Proctor
• Duty to act from a voluntary assumption of responsibility 


  R v Stone and Dobinson
• Duty to act from a position in public office


  R v Dytham
• Duty to act from creating a dangerous event 


  R v Miller