LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION

• WHAT IS LOCALISATION?

  restricting something to a particular place
• WHAT ARE AREAS OF CORTICAL SPECIALISATION?

  places in the brain that are specifically responsible for functions
• DIFFERENT LOBES OF THE BRAIN?

  frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
• AREAS OF CORTICAL SPECIALISATION IN THE FRONTAL LOBE AND THEIR FUNCTION?

  MOTOR CORTEX

  • motor

  BROCA'S AREA

  • left frontal lobe
  • speech production
• AREAS OF CORTICAL SPECIALISATION IN THE PARIETAL LOBE?

  SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

  • sensory
• AREAS OF CORTICAL SPECIALISATION IN THE OCCIPITAL LOVE?

  VISUAL CORTEX

  • visual
• AREAS OF CORTICAL SPECIALISATION IN THE TEMPORAL LOBE?

  AUDITORY CORTEX

  • auditory

  WERNICKE'S AREA

  • left temporal lobe
  • speech interpretation
• RESEARCH CONNECTED TO THE MOTOR CORTEX?

  FRITSCH AND HITZIG

  • electrical stimulation
  • back of frontal lobe on dog
  • created movements

  PENFIELD

  • electrical stimulation
  • observed responses in humans
  • mapped motor functions
• RESEARCH CONNECTED TO SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX?

  PENFIELD

  • electrical stimulation in humans
  • observed responses
  • mapped memory functions
• RESEARCH CONNECTED TO VISUAL CORTEX?

  PANIZZA

  • located area of visual function
  • in stroke patients

  BROWN AND SCHAEFER

  • located area of visual function
  • in monkeys
• RESEARCH CONNECTED TO AUDITORY CORTEX?

  FERRIER

  • electrical stimulation of area of temporal lobe
  • in monkeys
  • react as if heard a noise
• OTHER RESEARCH CONNECTED TO LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION?

  PHINEAS GAGE

  • iron pole passed through prefrontal cortex
  • personality drastically changed
  • shows prefrontal cortex responsible for executive functions
  • e.g. self-control
• CONFLICTING ARGUMENT FOR LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION?

  LASHLEY

  • equipotentiality theory
  • suggests basic motor and sensory functions are localised
  • higher mental functions are not (they are distributed holistically)
  • when rats solved maze (various areas of brain removed) no area was found to be more important
  • learning is a function requiring multiple areas
  • brain is so complex, no one part acts independently
• WHAT IS EQUIPOTENTIALITY THEORY?

  all areas of brain "equipped" with "potential" to take over other functions