chemistry

• The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number, with elements having similar properties grouped together.
• Elements are classified into metals (on the left-hand side) and nonmetals (on the right-hand side).
• Metalloids have properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals.
• What is the term used for a mixture of a metal with one or more other metals or non-metals?

  Alloy
• What is the purpose of creating an alloy?

  To change the properties of the metal
• What is an example of an alloy mentioned in the study material?

  Sterling silver
• What is the state of metals at room temperature?

  Solid
• What is the melting and boiling point characteristic of metals?

  High
• What is the conductivity of metals?

  High conductivity
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  Only when melted or dissolved in water
• What is the solubility of most ionic compounds in water?

  Most are soluble
• Why does salt have a higher melting point than gold?

  Because salt has a giant ionic structure, whereas gold has a giant metallic structure
• What is the reason giant ionic structures have high melting points?

  They require a large amount of energy to break the bonds
• Why are pure metals soft and malleable?

  Because their atoms can slide over each other easily
• Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

  Because the different sizes of atoms distort the layers in the structure
• What is the composition of stainless steel?

  Iron, chromium, and nickel
• Why are stainless steel alloys harder than iron?

  Because the different sized atoms change the structure
• What does the term malleable mean in relation to metals?

  Malleable means can be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking
• Why do non-metals not exhibit malleability?

  Because they are brittle and break instead of deforming
• What is the reason sodium chloride must be dissolved in water to conduct electricity?

  Because as a liquid, the ions are free to move
• What is the structure of sodium oxide?

  It has a giant ionic structure
• Why do giant covalent structures have very high melting points?

  Because all atoms are linked by strong covalent bonds
• What is the only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature?

  Bromine
• What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature?

  Mercury
• What are the properties of metals and ionic compounds?

  • Metals are solid at room temperature.
  • Metals have high melting and boiling points.
  • Metals are good conductors of electricity.
  • Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water.
  • Most ionic compounds are soluble in water.
• What are the differences between giant ionic structures and giant metallic structures?

  • Giant ionic structures have high melting points due to strong ionic bonds.
  • Giant metallic structures have high conductivity due to delocalized electrons.
  • Giant ionic structures do not conduct electricity in solid form, while giant metallic structures do.
• What are the characteristics of small molecules compared to giant covalent structures?

  • Small molecules have low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces.
  • Giant covalent structures have very high melting and boiling points due to strong covalent bonds.
  • Small molecules are poor conductors, while only graphite conducts in giant covalent structures.