Psychology

Subdecks (3)

Cards (50)

  • What is sampling bias?

    It occurs when samples do not reflect the target population.
  • How does sampling bias affect research conclusions?

    It can lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions.
  • What does androcentric mean in research sampling?

    A sample that contains a large proportion of males.
  • What does gynocentric mean in research sampling?

    A sample that contains a large proportion of females.
  • What is cultural bias in research sampling?

    A sample that is too focused on one culture, isn’t representative of all cultures.
  • What is ethnocentric bias? 

    It generalizes findings to other cultures without considering how cultures are different.
  • What is population validity?

    The ability to generalize results from a sample to the target population and still hold true.
  • What is opportunity sampling?

    It involves selecting anyone who is available at the time of research.
  • How would you conduct opportunity sampling for a study on men's eating habits?

    Survey the first 20 males you find around college.
  • What are the strengths of opportunity sampling?

    • Quick and easy to carry out
    • Relies on people who are around
    • Time efficient
    • Helps to collect participants with similar characteristics
    • Facilitates application of findings to a target population
  • What are the weaknesses of opportunity sampling?

    • May not always be representative
    • Limited variety of participants
    • Difficult to generalize to a wider population
    • Increased chance of researcher bias
  • Why might opportunity sampling lead to researcher bias?

    Researchers may only approach people they feel will give them desired responses.
  • What is self-selected/ volunteer sampling?
    Participants choose themselves to take part in the study, via…
    • email surveys
    • singing up or applying to take part
    • responding to adverts or posters.
  • What are the strengths of volunteer/ self-selected sampling?
    • Relatively easy as participants come to you
    • Participants likely to remain committed and not drop out (prevents chance of small unrepresentative sample)
    • can reach a wide variety of participants through advertising
  • What is systematic sampling ?

    A systematic method is chosen for selecting from a target group e.g every fourth person in a list used as a participant. Differs from random sampling as it does not give an equal chance of selection to each individual in target group.
  • strengths of systematic sampling:
    • Can provide unbiased sample as researcher has no part in deciding who is selected (less researcher bias, more validity)
    • more chance of gaining representative sample, varied sample from systematic formula
  • What is random sampling?
    Every member of the population has a fair and equal chance of taking part