Liver Inflammation

• What is the term for inflammation of the liver?

  Hepatitis
• What is the term for inflammation of the bile ducts?

  Cholangitis
• What is the term for inflammation of the gall bladder?

  Cholecystitis
• What is the term for inflammation of the liver and bile ducts together?

  Cholangiohepatitis
• What are the common clinical signs of Equine Herpesvirus I infection in foals?

  Weakness, severe hyperaemia of mucosae, pulmonary congestion, and oedema
• What histopathological features are observed in the liver during Equine Herpesvirus I infection?

  Focal necrosis and nuclear inclusions
• Which organs can be affected by EHV-I besides the liver?

  Lung, adrenal, and thymus
• What is the term for the highly fatal systemic disease of neonates caused by Canine Herpesvirus?

  Fading puppy syndrome
• What lesions are associated with Canine Herpesvirus infection in neonates?

  Necrotic foci and hemorrhages in multiple organs
• What are the residual lesions associated with Canine Herpesvirus infection?

  Cerebellar hypoplasia, retinal dysplasia, and renal dysplasia
• What is the cause of Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)?

  Canine Adenovirus I

  
• What are the characteristic liver findings in Infectious Canine Hepatitis?

  Yellowish-brown to dark red mottled appearance with fibrin strands
• What specific lesions should be looked for in the gall bladder during ICH?

  Hemorrhages and edema of the gall bladder wall
• What is a common sequel to clinical ICH in dogs?

  Blue eye due to hypersensitivity reaction
• What is the cause of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)?

  Multifocal to coalescing granulomas
• What are the common bacterial diseases affecting the liver?

  • Bacterial hepatitis
  • Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in lambs
  • Actinobacillus equuli in foals
  • Salmonella spp.
  • Mycobacterium spp.
  • Pasteurella multocida in lambs
  • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in ruminants
  • Listeria monocytogenes in lambs

  
• What are the common causes of liver abscesses in cattle?

  Usually asymptomatic, heal by fibrosis, sequel to chemical rumenitis
• What can happen if liver abscesses rupture?

  They may cause peritonitis or embolism to the lungs (PEA syndrome)
• What is the causative agent of Necrobacillosis?

  Fusobacterium necrophorum
• What is the pathogenesis of navel ill in newborn calves?

  Infection via the umbilicus leading to bacteremia and localization in various organs
• What are the lesions associated with navel ill (omphalophlebitis)?

  • Multifocal lesions on the liver
  • Secondary suppurative arthritis
  • Pneumonia and lung abscesses
  • Spotted kidneys
  • Enteritis
  • Meningoencephalitis
• What are the characteristic lesions of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus abortion?

  Target-shaped lesions
• What is observed in the liver during Salmonella infection?

  Small disseminated foci of necrosis
• What is the causative agent of Johne’s Disease?

  1. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
• What are the characteristic features of Black Disease (Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis)?

  Caused by toxins from Clostridium novyi, with dark skin discoloration and necrotic foci
• What is Bacillary Haemoglobinuria and its cause?

  Acute, highly fatal disease of cattle caused by toxin from Clostridium haemolyticum
• What is the causative agent of Tyzzer’s Disease?

  Clostridium (Bacillus) piliforme
• What are the types of parasitic diseases affecting the liver?

  • Protozoa
  • Nematodes
  • Cestodes
  • Trematodes
• What is the cause of 'Milk Spot' liver?

  Larval migration of Ascaris suum
• What is the final host for Taenia hydatigena larval migration?

  Dogs
• What are the effects of copper toxicosis in dogs?

  Cirrhosis with multinodular hyperplasia and fibrosis
• What are the causes of toxic hepatopathy?

  Biotransformation and natural affinity for storage leading to toxicity
• What are some plants and mycotoxins that cause toxic hepatopathy?

  • Facial eczema
  • Panicum spp.
  • Lupinosis
  • Myoporum spp. poisoning
  • Ragwort poisoning
  • Blue-green algae
  • Pimelea spp. poisoning
  • Lantana spp.
  • Aflatoxicosis

  
• What is the mycotoxin associated with Facial Eczema?

  Sporidesmin
• What are the effects of chronic ragwort poisoning?

  Fibrosis and nodular hyperplasia in the liver
• What are the effects of chronic copper poisoning?

  Acute hemolysis and 'gun-metal' grey-black kidney
• What are the types of liver neoplasia?

  • Hepatoblastoma
  • Hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma
  • Cholangiocellular adenoma and carcinoma
  • Metastatic neoplasms
• What is a characteristic feature of cholangiocellular carcinoma?

  Many lesions have an umbilicated surface
• What is the term for liver lymphoma?

  Hepatic lymphoma