Fungus like

• What are the characteristics of fungus-like bacteria?

  • Related to mycobacteria
  • Can cause infections
  • Exhibit filamentous growth
• What are the characteristics of Actinomyces?


  • Gram positive
  • Neither acid-fast nor stained with fungus stain
  • Anaerobic
  • Agent of Lumpy Jaw
  • Molar tooth colonies
• What are the characteristics of Nocardia?

  • Gram positive
  • Partially acid-fast
  • Aerobic
  • Primary pulmonary infection resembling tuberculosis
• What is Whipple's disease caused by?

  • Tropheryma whipplei
  • Characterized by PAS-staining macrophages
  • Found primarily in middle-aged men
• What is the causative agent of rat-bite fever?

  Spirillum minus
• What are the clinical signs of rat-bite fever caused by Spirillum minus?

  Symptoms similar to those caused by S. moniliformis
• What is the significance of the term "Soduku" in relation to Spirillum minus?

  It is referred to as the cause of rat-bite fever
• Most clinically relevant species of Nocardia

  N. asteroids
• Phylogenetic analysis shows a gram+ actinomycete that is not closely related to any other genus known to cause infection

  Tropheryma Whipplei
• Happens in Whipple's diseases that indicates mucopolysaccharide glycoprotein in almost every organ of the body


  PAS- staining macrophages
• Bacillus is seen in macrophages and affected tissue but has never been cultured and a multicellular organism

  Tropheyma whipplei
• Gram-, helical, strictly aerobic organism

  Spirillum minus
• Symptoms of Spirillum minus and S. moniliformis are same expect that arthritis are rarely seen in patient with Sodoku and swollen lymph nodes are prominent, febrile episodes are also more predictable in Sodoku as it targets different organs.
• What are the prominent symptoms of Sodoku?

  Swollen lymph nodes and predictable febrile episodes