Communicable diseases

• Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease
• Bacteria produce toxins that damage tissues and make us feel ill
• Viruses live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage
• What are the initial symptoms of HIV?

  Flu like symptoms
• How is HIV primarily spread?

  Through sexual contact or exchange of body fluids
• What is the purpose of antiretroviral drugs in HIV treatment?

  To stop the virus from entering the lymph nodes
• What are the symptoms of measles?

  Fever and red rash
• How does measles spread?

  By talking, coughing, and sneezing, inhaling droplets
• What is the primary control method for measles?

  Vaccinations for young children
• What is the symptom of TMV in plants?

  Mosaic pattern across the plant
• How does TMV spread in plants?

  Enters via wounds in the plant
• What are the control methods for TMV?

  Removal of infected material, controlling pests, sterilising tools
• What illness does Salmonella cause?

  Food poisoning
• What symptoms are caused by Salmonella?

  Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhoea
• Symptoms of Gonorrhoea

  Thick yellow or green discharge
• How is Gonorrhoea spread?

  Through sexual contact
• What are the control methods for Gonorrhoea?

  Treatment with antibiotics and using condoms
• What are the symptoms of Rose black spot?

  Purple or black spots on leaves that turn yellow and drop
• How is Rose black spot spread?

  By water or wind
• What are the control methods for Rose black spot?

  Using fungicides and removing affected leaves
• What pathogens cause malaria?

  Protists
• What is a key symptom of malaria?

  Recurrent episodes of fever
• How is the spread of malaria controlled?

  By preventing mosquito breeding and using mosquito nets
• What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

  • Thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis
  • Pain when urinating
• What are the symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning?

  • Fever
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
• What are the control methods for Salmonella?

  • Avoiding contaminated food
  • Preparing food in hygienic conditions
• What are the control methods for TMV?

  • Removal of infected plant material
  • Controlling pests
  • Sterilizing tools
  • Washing hands after handling infected plants
• What are the control methods for Rose black spot?

  • Using fungicides
  • Removing and destroying affected leaves