L6 | ENERGY SOURCES

• FOSSIL FUELS

  • Formed from living plants and animals that existed 500 MYA
  • Intense heat and pressure, and chemical reactions caused the remains to turn into hydrocarbons
• ENERGY RESOURCES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 2

  1. non-renewable
  2. renewable
• NON-RENEWABLE INCLUDES:

  • coal
  • oil
  • natural gas
• NON RENEWABLE CAUSES --> ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• RENEWABLE INCLUDES

  • sun
  • wind
  • geothermal
  • water
  • biomass
• COAL

  • Inorganic ; remains of plant
  • Solid fossil fuel that is black in color and is mostly composed of carbons
  • Formed from dead plants that settle at the bottom or preexisting swamps devoid of oxygen
  • Absence of oxygen results in plants to be fossilized
  • Pressure causes water to be squeezed out and what remains is coal
• 4 STAGES OF COAL:

  1. peat
  2. lignite (brown coal)
  3. bituminous coal
  4. anthracite coal
• PEAT

  Soft, plant-fiber; 1st stage
• LIGNITE (BROWN COAL)

  Soft but woody texture due to compaction of peats
• BITUMINOUS COAL

  Sedimentary rocks that undergo pressure (from living plants → fossil → can’t be coal because it still has chemicals)
• ANTHRACITE COAL

  Extreme heat because it is full of carbons from bituminous stage
• OIL

  • Liquid fossil fuel commonly called petroleum or crude oil
  • Formed from tiny organisms that lived on the surface of the sea and sunk on the seafloor where they died.
  • The dead organisms were kept away from oxygen by layers of sediments
  • Heat and pressure turned the remains of the organisms into liquid oil
• REFINED OIL CAN BE USED AS ENERGY SOURCE THROUGH:

  1. gasoline
  2. diesel
  3. kerosene
• NATURAL GAS

  • Composed of hydrocarbons called methane
  • Deposits are usually found above oil deposits
• METHANE

  • Used for cooking and heating as well as to generate heat in power plants
• SUN

  • Sunlight is converted into heat that is used to produce electricity
  • Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity
• SOLAR CELLS

  • Made of layers of silicon
  • When sunlight strikes the layers silicon electrons flows across it
  • Through the flow of electrons, electric current makes electric motors or electrical devices work.
• WIND

  • Energy from the sun produces wind which is a source of power
  • Windmills have been used to grind grains and pump water, and sailing ships have traveled by wind power also.
  • Its kinetic energy drives the wind turbines for generators to produce electricity
  • Bangui wind farm, Ilocos Norte
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

  • Sources of heat:
  • Hot and molten magma
  • Radioactive materials (U & K)
  • The most common way of getting energy from a geothermal source is to tap into the hot water under the ground 
  • Cooler water seeps into earth’s crust, is heated up, and then rises to the surface
  • Once the heated water is forced to the surface, the steam is captured and used to drive the turbines for generators to produce electricity. 
• HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

  • Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface and is the most widely used as a renewable source of energy
  • Kinetic energy from waterfalls or dams turns the turbine and produces energy / electricity.
• POWER PLANTS

  • Maria christina falls, Iligan city
  • Angat dam, Norzagaray, Bulacan
  • Binga Dam, Itogon, Benguet