conformity (pre)

• What is the term used when an individual genuinely accepts group norms?

  Internalisation
• What are the two types of conformity mentioned in the study material?

  Public and private conformity
• Why is internalisation likely to be permanent?

  Because it involves a change in behavior and opinion
• Who proposed the theory of internalisation and conformity in 1955?

  Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerald
• What does ISI stand for in the context of conformity?

  Informational Social Influence
• What is the main reason individuals conform under ISI?

  They want to be right
• In what type of situations is ISI likely to occur?

  In ambiguous situations where decisions need to be made quickly
• What is the term for when individuals publicly agree with a group but privately do not change their opinions?

  Compliance
• What is the nature of change in compliance?

  It is a superficial change that stops when group pressure stops
• What is NSI in the context of conformity?

  Normative Social Influence
• Why do people conform under NSI?

  To gain social approval and avoid rejection
• In which situations is NSI likely to occur?

  In situations with strangers or friends, especially in stressful situations
• How does the presence of a majority affect conformity?

  It makes conformity more pronounced
• What are the three ways people conform according to Herbert Kelman (1958)?

  1. Internalisation
  2. Identification
  3. Compliance
• What are the key differences between internalisation, identification, and compliance?

  • Internalisation: Genuine acceptance of group norms; permanent change.
  • Identification: Change opinions to feel part of the group; may not agree with all values.
  • Compliance: Public agreement with the group; private opinions remain unchanged.
• What is the term used when an individual genuinely accepts group norms?

  Internalisation
• What are the two types of conformity mentioned in the study material?

  Public and private conformity
• What is likely to happen to behavior when internalisation occurs?

  Behavior is likely to be permanent due to opinion change.
• Who proposed the theory of internalisation based on needs to be right?

  Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerald
• What does the term 'Identification' refer to in the context of conformity?

  Changing opinions to feel part of a group.
• What is the difference between public behavior change and private opinion change in identification?

  Public behavior may change while private opinions may not agree with all group values.
• What are the three ways people conform according to Herbert Kelman?

  Internalisation, identification, and compliance.
• What is Normative Social Influence (NSI)?

  Individuals follow the behavior of the group to gain social approval.
• In what situations is Normative Social Influence likely to occur?

  In situations with strangers or friends, especially when concerned about rejection.
• What is the emotional process involved in Normative Social Influence?

  People prefer to conform rather than appear foolish and face rejection.
• What is the likely outcome of compliance in terms of opinion change?

  Compliance results in superficial change; opinions and behaviors stop when group pressure stops.
• How does Informational Social Influence (ISI) differ from Normative Social Influence (NSI)?

  ISI occurs when individuals follow the group to be right, while NSI occurs to gain social approval.
• What type of situations are likely to lead to Informational Social Influence?

  Ambiguous situations where decisions need to be made quickly.
• What is a key characteristic of compliance in conformity?

  Individuals publicly agree with the group but privately do not change their opinions.
• What is the role of an expert in Informational Social Influence?

  Individuals are more likely to conform to the opinions of someone regarded as an expert.
• How does the presence of a majority affect conformity in stressful situations?

  Conformity is more pronounced in stressful situations where individuals seek social support from a majority.
• What is the significance of the year 1958 in the context of conformity theories?

  It is the year Herbert Kelman suggested three ways people conform.
• What is the relationship between social approval and conformity?

  People conform to avoid rejection and gain social approval.
• What are the key concepts of conformity as discussed in the study material?

  • Internalisation: genuine acceptance of group norms.
  • Identification: changing opinions to feel part of a group.
  • Compliance: public agreement without private opinion change.
  • Normative Social Influence (NSI): conforming for social approval.
  • Informational Social Influence (ISI): conforming to be right.
• What are the typical situations that lead to different types of conformity?

  • Internalisation: occurs in situations where individuals genuinely accept group norms.
  • Identification: typical in crisis situations where belonging is crucial.
  • Compliance: likely in situations with strangers or friends due to social approval concerns.
• What are the emotional and cognitive processes involved in conformity?

  • Emotional: fear of rejection and desire for social approval.
  • Cognitive: need for information in ambiguous situations.
• What did Lucas et al. (2006) show about conformity?

  People conform in difficult questions more than in easy ones.
• What are the two processes involved in conformity according to the study?

  Informational Social Influence (ISI) and Normative Social Influence (NSI).
• How does the presence of a dissenting participant affect conformity in Asch's experiment?

  Conformity is reduced when there is a dissenting participant.
• What assumption do people make when they conform according to the lucas et al (2006) study?

  They assume that others know better than they do.